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Related Concept Videos

Sources and Properties of Electric Charge01:15

Sources and Properties of Electric Charge

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All objects we see around us consist of atoms, which combine to form molecules. The lightest element in the universe is hydrogen, and a hydrogen atom consists of a positively charged proton and a negatively charged electron. The magnitude of charge that a proton and an electron carry are the same, and it is the fundamental unit of charge. In SI units, it is 1.602 times 10-19 coulomb.
Most atoms additionally constitute another fundamental particle, the neutron. It carries no electrical charge. A...
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The definition of electric field lines greatly eases the visualization of electric fields, a vector field, especially in the presence of many charges. The one-to-one correspondence between the electric field and the electric field lines necessitates that the field lines follow some rules.
For one, the electric field of a positive charge must originate from it. That is because its electric field points away from it. Moreover, since the magnitude of the field asymptotes to zero at infinity, the...
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Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction01:07

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Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used to determine the 3D structure of biological samples with the help of techniques such as electron microscope tomography and single-particle reconstruction. While single-particle reconstruction can examine macromolecules and macromolecular complexes in vitro conditions only, tomography permits the study of cell components or small cells in vivo.
Electron Tomography
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Phase-Contrast Microscopes
In-phase-contrast microscopes, interference between light directly passing through a cell and light refracted by cellular components is used to create high-contrast, high-resolution images without staining. It is the oldest and simplest type of microscope that creates an image by altering the wavelengths of light rays passing through the specimen. Altered wavelength paths are created using an annular stop in the condenser. The annular stop produces a hollow cone of...
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Properties of Transition Metals02:58

Properties of Transition Metals

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Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.
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Anatomical Reconstructions of the Human Cardiac Venous System using Contrast-computed Tomography of Perfusion-fixed Specimens
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Electrical properties tomography: Available contrast and reconstruction capabilities.

Ileana Hancu1, Jiaen Liu2, Yihe Hua1

  • 1GE Global Research, Niskayuna, New York.

Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
|October 17, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Electrical properties tomography (EPT) uses MRI data to map tissue conductivity and permittivity. EPT shows promise for enhancing tumor detection and patient-specific modeling, despite current limitations.

Keywords:
B1 mapEPTMREPTbioimpedancecancerconductivityelectrical properties tomographypermittivity

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Medical Imaging
  • Electromagnetics

Background:

  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a powerful imaging modality.
  • Electrical properties tomography (EPT) leverages MRI data to create detailed maps of tissue electrical properties.
  • These electrical properties, such as conductivity and permittivity, vary between different tissue types and can be altered in disease states.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current state of tissue electrical property contrasts obtainable with EPT.
  • To compare the capabilities of common EPT reconstruction methods.
  • To discuss the future clinical translation of EPT.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on MR-based electrical properties tomography.
  • Analysis of dedicated reconstruction algorithms used in EPT.
  • Comparison of tissue electrical property contrasts with EPT method capabilities.

Main Results:

  • EPT can generate additional contrast for improved tumor detection.
  • EPT enables patient-specific modeling of radiofrequency (RF) field interactions within tissues.
  • Current EPT methods have limitations that are being addressed.

Conclusions:

  • EPT holds significant promise for clinical applications in oncology and personalized medicine.
  • Further development of reconstruction algorithms and validation studies are needed for widespread clinical adoption.
  • EPT has the potential to become a valuable tool in the diagnostic and therapeutic arsenal.