Effect of long-term fertilization on wheat yield under different precipitation patterns

Area of Science:

• Agricultural Science
• Agronomy
• Soil Science

Background:

• Enhancing wheat yield is crucial for food security.
• Rational application of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizers is a primary strategy.
• Fertilizer requirements are influenced by environmental factors like precipitation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To determine the optimal N and P fertilization rates for wheat under varying precipitation patterns in the Loess Plateau.
• To establish a basis for scientific fertilization practices in the region.
• To analyze the relationship between precipitation, fertilizer dosage, and wheat yield.

Main Methods:

• Utilized binary quadratic regression equations to model wheat yield response to N and P application.
• Analyzed data from different precipitation patterns (normal, wet, dry years).
• Calculated both maximum yield-achieving and economic optimum fertilizer dosages.

Main Results:

• Optimal N and P fertilizer rates for maximum yield varied with precipitation: normal (172 kg/ha N, 164 kg/ha P), wet (175 kg/ha N, 162 kg/ha P), and dry (reduced amounts).
• Economic optimum fertilization rates also differed by precipitation pattern, generally lower than maximum yield rates.
• Economic optimum N and P rates for normal years were 161 and 151 kg/ha, respectively.

Conclusions:

• Wheat yield and optimal fertilizer application rates are significantly dependent on precipitation patterns.
• Adjusting N and P fertilization based on annual precipitation is essential for maximizing both yield and economic returns.
• A 10% reduction in recommended N and P application in practice is advised to enhance fertilizer use efficiency and profitability.