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Related Concept Videos

The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
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Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
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Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
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Co-activators and Co-repressors02:04

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Gene transcription is regulated by the synergistic action of several proteins that form a complex at a gene regulatory site. This is observed in eukaryotes, where the regulation of gene expression is a complex process. Regulatory proteins in eukaryotes can broadly be classified into two types – regulators that bind directly to specific DNA sequences and co-regulators that associate with regulatory proteins but cannot directly bind to the DNA. These co-regulators are further divided into...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
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Thyroid oncocytic neoplasms.

Raoudha Doghri, Nadia Znaidi, Ahlem Blel

    La Tunisie Medicale
    |October 17, 2018
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Oncocytic tumors (OT) of the thyroid are rare but have a high carcinoma rate. Malignancy prediction is difficult preoperatively, except for papillary-type nuclear atypia in oncocytic papillary carcinoma.

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    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Oncology
    • Pathology

    Background:

    • Oncocytic tumors (OT) are rare thyroid neoplasms, comprising 3-10% of epithelial thyroid tumors.
    • Malignant OTs are aggressive due to low iodine uptake, necessitating accurate diagnosis.
    • Approximately 30% of OTs are carcinomas, a higher rate than micro-vesicular lesions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To elucidate the anatomo-clinical characteristics of oncocytic tumors of the thyroid.
    • To identify potential predictors of malignancy in oncocytic thyroid lesions.

    Main Methods:

    • A retrospective analysis of 99 oncocytic thyroid tumors was conducted.
    • Data were collected from the Tunis Charles Nicolle Hospital's Cytology and Pathology laboratory over a 10-year period (2004-2014).

    Main Results:

    • The study comprised 76 adenomas, 13 oncocytic papillary carcinomas, 7 oncocytic carcinomas, and 3 tumors of uncertain malignant potential.
    • A significant difference was observed in macrovesicular architecture between diagnostic categories.
    • No significant differences were found in age, echogenicity, tumor size, macroscopic appearance, capsule thickness, oncocyte percentage, or associated thyroiditis between benign and malignant OTs.

    Conclusions:

    • Pre- and peroperative predictive factors for oncocytic tumor malignancy are limited.
    • Papillary-type nuclear atypia is the sole identified predictor for oncocytic papillary carcinoma.
    • Further research may be needed to identify reliable markers for malignant oncocytic thyroid tumors.