Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 3, 2026
09:41
Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
Published on: July 19, 2019
12.0K
Episodic gaze deviation in multiple sclerosis - Versive seizures or oculogyric crises?
Shirin Jamal Omidi1, Guadalupe Fernandez BacaVaca1, Nuria Lacuey1
1Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States.
Summary
Drug-induced oculogyric crises (OGCs) mimic epilepsy. Stopping metoclopramide resolved spells in a multiple sclerosis patient, highlighting the importance of considering OGCs in differential diagnoses.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Clinical Pharmacology
Background:
- Ictal gaze deviation and oculogyric crisis (OGC) present with similar clinical features.
- Distinguishing between epilepsy and OGC is crucial for appropriate patient management.
Observation:
- A 38-year-old patient with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis presented with "intractable" epilepsy.
- Episodic eye and head deviations occurred without epileptiform electroencephalographic correlates.
- Chronic metoclopramide exposure was identified as a potential trigger.
Findings:
- Video-electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring revealed no epileptiform activity during spells.
- Discontinuation of metoclopramide led to a significant reduction in spell frequency.
- This suggests a diagnosis of drug-induced oculogyric crisis.
Implications:
- A low threshold for diagnosing oculogyric crisis is recommended when antidopaminergic medications are used or pontomesencephalic lesions are present.
- Accurate diagnosis avoids misdiagnosis of epilepsy and inappropriate treatment.
- Video-EEG monitoring is vital for differentiating epilepsy from OGC.
Related Concept Videos
01:10Standard Deviation
27.8K
The most commonly used measure of variation is the standard deviation. It is a numerical value measuring how far data values are from their mean. The standard deviation value is small when the data are concentrated close to the mean, exhibiting slight variation or spread. The standard deviation value is never negative, it is either positive or zero. The standard deviation is larger when the data values are more spread out from the mean, which means the data values are exhibiting more variation.
27.8K
01:13Mean Absolute Deviation
3.3K
The mean absolute deviation is also a measure of the variability of data in a sample. It is the absolute value of the average difference between the data values and the mean.
Let us consider a dataset containing the number of unsold cupcakes in five shops: 10, 15, 8, 7, and 10. Initially, calculate the sample mean. Then calculate the deviation, or the difference, between each data value and the mean. Next, the absolute values of these deviations are added and divided by the sample size to...
Let us consider a dataset containing the number of unsold cupcakes in five shops: 10, 15, 8, 7, and 10. Initially, calculate the sample mean. Then calculate the deviation, or the difference, between each data value and the mean. Next, the absolute values of these deviations are added and divided by the sample size to...
3.3K
02:32Variation: Normal Distribution, Range, and Standard Deviation
28.2K
In the field of psychology, there are several ways to organize measurements of a trait, feature, or characteristic (i.e., variables). Qualitative data, such as ethnicity, can be tabulated into a frequency count to provide information about the proportion, as well as the variety of groups in a sample or population. On the other hand, researchers can perform a wider set of calculations on quantitative data. The mean, mode, and median, for instance, are central tendency measures to identify a...
28.2K
01:14Standard Deviation of Calculated Results
8.6K
Standard deviation measures the spread of data around the mean value. Many large data sets follow a Gaussian distribution, also known as a normal distribution. This distribution is bell-shaped curved, with the most frequently observed value (mean or central value) in the middle. The farther away from the central value, the greater the deviation from the central value, and the lower the frequency.
A broad Gaussian distribution curve has a wider standard deviation, representing a data set with...
A broad Gaussian distribution curve has a wider standard deviation, representing a data set with...
8.6K
01:08Calculating Standard Deviation
13.1K
The standard deviation is the most common measure of variation. It is a value that tells us how far a data value is from the mean value in a dataset. Further, the standard deviation is always a positive value or zero.
The standard deviation value is small when all the data is concentrated close to the mean. Here the data exhibits low variation. The standard deviation value is larger when the data values are more spread out from the mean. Here, the data displays high...
The standard deviation value is small when all the data is concentrated close to the mean. Here the data exhibits low variation. The standard deviation value is larger when the data values are more spread out from the mean. Here, the data displays high...
13.1K
01:13Seizures: Classification
1.6K
Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
1.6K