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Extracellular Vesicles: How Drug and Pathology Interfere With Their Biogenesis and Function
Daniela Cesselli1, Pietro Parisse2, Aneta Aleksova3
1Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.
Frontiers in Physiology
|October 18, 2018
Summary
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) show promise as biomarkers and for tissue repair. Understanding EV biogenesis and subtypes is crucial for their therapeutic applications, especially in heart failure.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical research
- Cell biology
- Regenerative medicine
Background:
- Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are investigated for biomarker potential and therapeutic roles in tissue repair, such as in myocardial ischemia.
- Their mechanisms of action involve modulating growth factors, cytokines, signaling pathways, and transferring non-coding RNAs.
- EV heterogeneity in size, composition, and biogenesis, coupled with separation method variations, contributes to controversies regarding their biological effects.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the current understanding of EV biogenesis and release mechanisms.
- To explore the impact of pathology and drug therapy on EV secretion and composition.
- To describe how heart failure pathophysiology and drug treatments modulate EV secretion.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on EV biogenesis, release, and therapeutic mechanisms.
- Analysis of studies investigating EV subtypes and their biological effects.
- Examination of research on drug and disease-induced modulation of EV secretion.
Main Results:
- EVs promote tissue repair in conditions like myocardial ischemia.
- Understanding EV biogenesis is key to investigating their therapeutic potential.
- Pathophysiological conditions and drug therapies significantly alter EV secretion and composition.
Conclusions:
- Clarifying EV biogenesis and release mechanisms is essential for targeted therapeutic strategies.
- Addressing heterogeneity and developing specific EV subtype sorting methods are critical research priorities.
- Investigating the influence of heart failure and its treatments on EVs can lead to improved therapeutic interventions.
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