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Related Concept Videos

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias I: Sinus Arrhythmias01:16

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias I: Sinus Arrhythmias

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Arrhythmias are disturbances in the heart's rhythm that lead to abnormal heartbeats. These irregularities can originate from different parts of the heart and are classified based on their origin and nature.
Types of Arrhythmias
Sinus Node Arrhythmias
Sinus Bradycardia: Originating from the sinoatrial (SA) node, sinus bradycardia involves slower impulses, resulting in a heart rate of less than 60 beats per minute (bpm). Causes include sleep, vagal stimulation, beta-blockers, hypothyroidism,...
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ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias01:25

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

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Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...
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Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias01:28

Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias

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Arrhythmias are irregular heart rhythms occurring when the heart's electrical impulses become abnormal. These disturbances can lead to various symptoms, depending on their severity and the underlying cause. Some common factors contributing to arrhythmias include hypoxia, ischemia, electrolyte imbalances, excessive catecholamine exposure, drug toxicity, and muscle overstretching. Arrhythmias can be classified into two main types based on the rate and site of origin of abnormal heart rhythms.
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Receptor-mediated Endocytosis01:39

Receptor-mediated Endocytosis

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Overview
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Receptor-mediated Endocytosis01:20

Receptor-mediated Endocytosis

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Receptor-mediated endocytosis is when bulk amounts of specific molecules are imported into a cell after binding to cell surface receptors. The molecules bound to these receptors are taken into the cell through inward folding of the cell surface membrane, which is eventually pinched off into a vesicle within the cell. Structural proteins, such as clathrin, coat the budding vesicle.
Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis of LDL
One well-characterized example of receptor-mediated endocytosis is the...
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Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay02:27

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

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The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
Usually, Upf3 binds to an Exon Junction Complex (EJC) at mRNA splice sites. If a ribosome fully translates the mRNA,...
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Analyzing Long-Term Electrocardiography Recordings to Detect Arrhythmias in Mice
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Pacemaker-mediated arrhythmias.

Mohammad Alasti1, Colin Machado1, Karthikeyan Rangasamy1

  • 1Cardiac Rhythm Management Department MonashHeart Monash Medical Centre Melbourne Australia.

Journal of Arrhythmia
|October 18, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pacemaker-mediated arrhythmias can cause heart failure symptoms. Early detection and optimal pacemaker programming are crucial for prevention and termination.

Keywords:
endless loop tachycardiapacemaker‐mediated arrhythmiaretrograde ventriculo‐atrial conduction

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Pacemakers are essential devices for managing cardiac rhythm disorders.
  • Pacemaker malfunction can lead to various arrhythmias.
  • Arrhythmias can manifest as dyspnea, palpitations, and decompensated heart failure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review pacemaker-mediated arrhythmias (PMAs).
  • To identify predisposing factors for PMAs.
  • To summarize prevention and termination strategies for PMAs.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on PMAs.
  • Analysis of pacemaker programming parameters and their impact on arrhythmias.
  • Synthesis of data on clinical presentation and management of PMAs.

Main Results:

  • Pacemakers can initiate or sustain arrhythmias.
  • Specific pacemaker settings can predispose to arrhythmias.
  • Symptoms include dyspnea, palpitations, and heart failure.

Conclusions:

  • Early detection of PMAs is vital.
  • Optimal pacemaker programming is key to preventing and managing PMAs.
  • Understanding PMA mechanisms aids in effective treatment.