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Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Generation and Culturing of Primary Human Keratinocytes from Adult Skin
Published on: December 22, 2017
Staphylococcus epidermidis-induced Interleukin-1 Beta and Human Beta-defensin-2 Expression in Human Keratinocytes is
Maren Simanski1, Anna-Sophie Erkens, Franziska Rademacher
1Department of Dermatology, University of Kiel, DE-24105 Kiel, Germany. msimanski@dermatology.uni-kiel.de.
Abstract:
Staphylococcus epidermidis is an abundant skin commensal capable of activating cutaneous defense responses, such as induction of cytokines and antimicrobial peptides. To permanently colonize human skin and prevent inflammation S. epidermidis needs to control the induction of host defense mediators. We report here that S. epidermidis induces expression of the host regulator protein A20 in human keratinocytes, thereby controlling expression and release of interleukin-1 beta. siRNA-mediated knockdown of A20 expression strongly enhanced the induction of interleukin-1 beta gene expression and protein release in keratinocytes stimulated with S. epidermidis. Furthermore, siRNA-mediated knockdown of A20 resulted in enhanced gene expression and secretion of the antimicrobial peptide human beta-defensin-2 in keratinocytes facing S. epidermidis. Mechanistically, A20 negatively controlled S. epidermidis-induced activation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB. Together, these data indicate that S. epidermidis exploits A20 to attenuate cutaneous defense responses, which may help S. epidermidis to persist on human skin.
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