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Social motivational processing and interpersonal function in aging cocaine smokers.

Gillinder Bedi1,2,3, Xuejun Hao1, Nicholas T Van Dam4

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.

Addiction Biology
|October 18, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Older cocaine users exhibit significant real-world social difficulties, potentially linked to transient factors rather than cognitive deficits. Interpersonal function emerges as a key intervention target for this aging population.

Keywords:
agingcocaineinterpersonal problemssocial cognitionsocial rewardsocial threat

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Illicit drug use is rising in older adults, with limited understanding of associated functional impairments.
  • Social integration is crucial for healthy aging, and cocaine use is linked to social deficits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate social function and its neurocognitive underpinnings in aging cocaine users compared to matched controls.
  • To identify potential intervention targets for improving social functioning in older adults with a history of cocaine use.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) assessed brain responses to social threat and reward stimuli.
  • Behavioral tasks measured facial affect recognition, and self/peer reports evaluated daily interpersonal function.
  • Participants included long-term, regular cocaine smokers (COCs) and non-user controls (CTRLs), aged 50-60, tested after four drug-free days.

Main Results:

  • Cocaine users (COCs) reported significantly poorer daily social function than controls (CTRLs), corroborated by peer reports.
  • fMRI revealed heightened amygdala reactivity to social threat cues in COCs compared to CTRLs.
  • No significant differences were found in laboratory-based social processing or general cognition between groups.

Conclusions:

  • Aging cocaine users experience marked, generalized difficulties in real-world social functioning, despite largely intact laboratory-assessed social cognition.
  • These social deficits may stem from transient factors like residual drug effects or health behavior changes (sleep, diet).
  • Interpersonal function represents a promising intervention target for aging cocaine users, meriting further investigation in older drug-using populations.