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Related Concept Videos

Dose-Response Relationship: Overview01:03

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Agonists can bind with and activate receptors, resulting in the formation of drug-receptor complexes. Once formed, these complexes catalyze many biochemical processes at the cellular level and subsequently induce a pharmacologic response. The degree of response is directly proportional to the fraction of activated receptors, which in turn, depends on the concentration of the drug at the receptor site as well as the sensitivity of the receptor. An increase in the administered dose contributes to...
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Dose-Response Relationship: Potency and Efficacy01:22

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The potency of a drug is the measure of its ability to produce a biological response and can be compared by looking at the half-maximum effective concentration or EC50 values of different drugs. A lower EC50 value indicates higher potency of the drug. In the dose–response curve of two antihypertensive drugs, candesartan and irbesartan, a significant difference is observed in their EC50 values. A lower EC50 value for candesartan indicates that it is more potent than irbesartan, as it...
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Dose-Response Relationship: Selectivity and Specificity01:25

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Drugs exert their therapeutic effects by interacting with receptors, enzymes, or ion channels that are present throughout the human body. The strength and duration of the interaction between a drug and its target receptor are characterized by the selectivity and specificity of the drug. Selectivity refers to a drug's strong preference for its intended target over other targets. For instance, isoprenaline, a non-selective β-adrenergic agonist, interacts with both β1- and...
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Dose Size and Dosing Frequency: Determination Methods01:21

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Determining the optimal dose size and dosing frequency in pharmacotherapy is crucial for achieving therapeutic effectiveness while minimizing adverse effects. This article explores the methodologies employed in determining these parameters, focusing on their significance and interplay to tailor dosing regimens.Dose Size: Dose size refers to the amount of a drug administered in a single dose. It is determined based on the drug's pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics properties and...
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Determination of Multiple Dosing Parameters: Loading and Maintenance Doses01:25

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A loading dose is an essential pharmacological strategy to rapidly achieve the target plasma drug concentration necessary for an immediate therapeutic effect. This approach is especially critical for drugs characterized by slow absorption or extended half-lives, where delaying therapeutic plasma levels could compromise treatment outcomes. By administering a loading dose, clinicians ensure a prompt onset of drug action, even for agents with complex pharmacokinetic profiles.Achieving steady-state...
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A rational dosage regimen considers a drug's pharmacokinetics, including its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination from the body. By understanding these factors, the appropriate dosage can be determined, and the dosing schedule can be designed to achieve and maintain the desired therapeutic effect while minimizing adverse effects.
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A Web-Based Workflow for Selecting Gene- and Tissue-Specific Enhancers
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BMDExpress 2: enhanced transcriptomic dose-response analysis workflow.

Jason R Phillips1, Daniel L Svoboda1, Arpit Tandon1

  • 1Sciome LLC, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.

Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)
|October 18, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

BMDExpress 2 is a modernized software for analyzing genomic dose-response data in toxicology and drug design. This updated version offers enhanced statistical methods, broader platform compatibility, and improved data visualization for toxicogenomics research.

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Area of Science:

  • Toxicogenomics
  • Computational Biology
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Transcriptomic dose-response data is increasingly vital in toxicology, drug design, risk assessment, and translational research.
  • The original BMDExpress software, released in 2007, required significant updates due to advancements in transcriptomic technologies and analysis methods.
  • The National Toxicology Program assumed stewardship of BMDExpress in 2016, initiating a re-development process.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce BMDExpress 2, a significantly re-engineered version of the genomic dose-response analysis software.
  • To address the evolving needs of the toxicogenomics community with enhanced features and contemporary software engineering practices.

Main Methods:

  • Implementation of additional statistical filtering options, including Williams' trend test.
  • Inclusion of new curve fitting models and support for diverse transcriptomic platforms with updated gene annotations.
  • Development of extensive data visualizations, on-the-fly data filtering, and a batch-wise analysis workflow.
  • Re-engineering of the codebase to align with modern software development standards.

Main Results:

  • BMDExpress 2 offers enhanced statistical filtering and curve fitting capabilities.
  • The software now supports Linux and Macintosh operating systems and a wider range of transcriptomic platforms.
  • Features include advanced data visualization, real-time filtering, and batch processing for efficient analysis.
  • The modernized codebase facilitates streamlined future development and maintenance.

Conclusions:

  • BMDExpress 2 is a powerful, updated tool for analyzing transcriptomic dose-response data.
  • The software meets the current and future demands of toxicogenomics research.
  • Enhanced features and usability make BMDExpress 2 a valuable asset for researchers in toxicology and drug development.