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Action Potentials

Action Potentials

Action Potential

Action Potential

Neurons communicate by firing action potentials—the electrochemical signal that is propagated along the axon. The signal results in the release of neurotransmitters at axon terminals, thereby transmitting information to the nervous system. An action potential is a specific "all-or-none" change in membrane potential that results in a rapid spike in voltage.
Membrane potential in neurons
Neurons typically have a resting membrane potential of about -70 millivolts (mV). When they receive...

Action Potential

Action Potential

Neurons communicate by firing action potentials—the electrochemical signal that is propagated along the axon. The signal results in the release of neurotransmitters at axon terminals, thereby transmitting information to the nervous system. An action potential is a specific "all-or-none" change in membrane potential that results in a rapid spike in voltage.
Membrane potential in neurons
Neurons typically have a resting membrane potential of about -70 millivolts (mV). When they receive...

Propagation of Action Potentials

Propagation of Action Potentials

The propagation of an action potential refers to the process by which a nerve impulse, or "action potential," travels along a neuron.
Neurons (nerve cells) have a resting membrane potential, with a slightly negative charge inside compared to outside. This is maintained by ion channels, such as sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) channels, which control the flow of ions. When a stimulus, like a touch or a signal from another neuron, triggers the neuron, sodium channels open, allowing sodium ions to...

Cardiac Action Potential

Cardiac Action Potential

Cardiac action potentials are essential for proper heart function, enabling the rhythmic contractions needed for adequate blood circulation. Nodal cells and Purkinje fibers, specialized for electrical conduction, generate these action potentials.
The cardiac action potential process involves a series of phases characterized by the movement of ions across the cardiac cell membranes, leading to the depolarization and repolarization of the cardiac myocytes.
Ionic Basis of Cardiac Action Potentials

Action Potential: Phases of Stimulation

Action Potential: Phases of Stimulation

The action potential is a complex electrical event that occurs in excitable cells, such as neurons and muscle cells. It consists of several distinct phases, each with specific characteristics.
Resting Phase:
In this phase, the cell's membrane is at its resting potential, typically around -70 millivolts (mV) for neurons. Inside the cell, there is a higher concentration of potassium ions (K+) and a lower concentration of sodium ions (Na+). Voltage-gated sodium channels are closed, and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Optical Mapping of Action Potentials and Calcium Transients in the Mouse Heart

Optical Mapping of Action Potentials and Calcium Transients in the Mouse Heart

Published on: September 13, 2011

CCN proteins as potential actionable targets in scleroderma.

Pauline Henrot^1,2, Marie-Elise Truchetet^2,3, Gary Fisher⁴

¹University of Bordeaux, Inserm, BMGIC, UMR1035, Bordeaux, France.

Experimental Dermatology

|October 18, 2018

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) involves inflammation, vasculopathy, and fibrosis. This review explores CCN proteins

Keywords:

CCN proteins angiogenesis fibrosis pigmentation skin

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Last Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Optical Mapping of Action Potentials and Calcium Transients in the Mouse Heart

Optical Mapping of Action Potentials and Calcium Transients in the Mouse Heart

Published on: September 13, 2011

Recording Single Neurons' Action Potentials from Freely Moving Pigeons Across Three Stages of Learning

Recording Single Neurons' Action Potentials from Freely Moving Pigeons Across Three Stages of Learning

Published on: June 2, 2014

Laser-Induced Action Potential-Like Measurements of Cardiomyocytes on Microelectrode Arrays for Increased Predictivity of Safety Pharmacology

Laser-Induced Action Potential-Like Measurements of Cardiomyocytes on Microelectrode Arrays for Increased Predictivity of Safety Pharmacology

Published on: September 13, 2022

Area of Science:

Immunology and Rheumatology
Cell Biology
Dermatology

Background:

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a complex autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation, vasculopathy, and fibrosis.
Skin manifestations are key diagnostic and prognostic markers in SSc but lack targeted therapies.
CCN proteins (e.g., CYR61, CTGF) are secreted proteins involved in cell growth, migration, and differentiation.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the role of CCN proteins in the pathogenesis of Systemic Sclerosis.
To focus on the implication of CCN proteins in SSc skin features.
To identify potential therapeutic targets within the CCN protein family for SSc treatment.

Main Methods:

Literature review of studies investigating CCN proteins and Systemic Sclerosis.
Analysis of CCN protein involvement in fibrosis, vasculopathy, and inflammation in SSc.
Identification of actionable CCN targets based on current research.

Main Results:

CCN proteins are implicated in key pathophysiological processes of SSc, including fibrosis, vasculopathy, and inflammation.
Specific CCN proteins play roles in the development and progression of SSc skin features.
Several CCN proteins represent promising therapeutic targets for SSc.

Conclusions:

CCN proteins are significantly involved in Systemic Sclerosis pathogenesis, particularly in skin manifestations.
Targeting CCN proteins offers a potential therapeutic strategy for managing SSc.
Further research into CCN proteins could lead to novel treatments for SSc patients.