Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 3, 2026
An In Vitro Bladder Model of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection
Published on: June 24, 2025
Early detection of deep wound infection in bladder exstrophy and hypospadias using a novel intervention
Shabnam Sabetkish1, Nastaran Sabetkish2, Abdol-Mohammad Kajbafzadeh3
1Nurse; Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Section of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Therapy, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (IRI).
Insights
Early detection of surgical wound infections in pediatric patients with bladder exstrophy epispadias complex (BEEC) and hypospadias is possible. Non-contact temperature monitoring can identify deep wound infections before visible signs, enabling prompt management and preventing wound dehiscence (WD).
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Surgery
- Wound Management
- Infectious Disease
Background:
- Bladder exstrophy epispadias complex (BEEC) and hypospadias are complex congenital conditions requiring surgical intervention.
- Postoperative wound complications, such as wound dehiscence (WD), can occur and lead to significant morbidity.
- Early detection of surgical site infections is crucial for effective management and prevention of complications.
Purpose of the Study:
- To introduce a practical, non-contact infrared thermography technique for early detection of probable bladder dehiscence (BD) and glanular dehiscence (GD).
- To assess the feasibility of this technique in identifying deep wound infections before visible signs of inflammation in pediatric patients undergoing surgery for BEEC and hypospadias.
- To enable prompt management of potential wound complications.
Main Methods:
- A prospective study involving 24 pediatric patients with BEEC (group 1) or proximal hypospadias (group 2).
- Postoperative non-contact infrared radiant digital temperature measurement at four body regions (surgical wound, forehead, hand, foot) at 8-hour intervals.
- Temperature monitoring aimed to detect wound temperature rises preceding systemic fever or visible inflammation.
Main Results:
- Two patients with BEEC developed elevated surgical wound temperatures (39.2°C and 39.4°C) 12 and 16 days postoperatively, respectively.
- Gram-positive microorganisms were detected via urinalysis, urine culture, and wound sampling in these two patients.
- Management with intravenous antibiotics (imipenem and vancomycin) led to gradual normalization of wound temperature without systemic fever, preventing WD.
Conclusions:
- Postoperative periodical temperature measurement using non-contact infrared thermography is a safe and feasible technique.
- This method can effectively detect deep wound infections before visible signs of inflammation or systemic temperature rise.
- Early detection facilitates prompt management, potentially preventing wound dehiscence (WD).
Objective:
To introduce a practical technique for the early detection and prompt management of a probable bladder dehiscence (BD) and glanular dehiscence (GD) in patients with bladder exstrophy epispadias complex (BEEC) and hypospadias.
Method:
In this prospective study, paediatric patients with BEEC (group 1) and with proximal hypospadias (group 2) underwent body temperature measurement using a non-contact infrared radiant digital temperature measurement device in four body regions, including the surgical wound, forehead, right hand, and right foot at eight hour intervals, postoperatively. This technique was performed to detect wound temperature rises before whole body temperature rise or visible local wound skin redness, cellulitis or any sign of inflammation or wound dehiscence (WD).
Results:
A total of 24 paediatric patients were recruited. Temperature rise in the surgical wound area was discovered in two patients with BEEC. The temperature reached 39.2°C in the first case (12 days postoperative) and 39.4°C in the second case (16 days postoperative). Urinalysis, urine culture, and clean surgical wound sampling was performed and the presence of Gram-positive microorganisms was detected. Both patients were managed with intravenous imipenem and vancomycin. After changing the antibiotic regimen, wound temperature was gradually decreased to 37.2°C in the first patient by day 16, and to 36.9°C in the second patient by day 21, without rise in body temperature. Other patients in group 1 and all patients in group 2 had normal wound temperature fluctuations within the follow-up period.
Conclusion:
Postoperative periodical temperature measurement by a non-contact infrared radiant digital temperature measurement device is a safe and feasible technique that has the ability to detect deep wound infection, and may prevent the occurrence of WD before any visible sign of inflammation.
Related Concept Videos
01:03Nursing Interventions I: Taxonomy of Nursing Interventions
A nursing intervention is a treatment or action based on scientific concepts and knowledge from the nursing, behavioral, and physical sciences. Identifying and prioritizing nursing interventions based on the desired outcome...
01:29Nursing Interventions II: Selecting and Classifying the Nursing Interventions
01:23Urinary Bladder
In males, the bladder is situated in front of the rectum, while in females, it is positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus. The bladder floor contains an inverted triangular area called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric...
01:30Community Based Intervention
Foundations of Community Mental Health Programs
Central to the success of community-based interventions is the...
01:24Operant Conditioning Intervention
In operant conditioning, behaviors that are...
01:19Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra