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Related Concept Videos

Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

Drug Delivery: Overview

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The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the...
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Drug Delivery: Enteral Route01:18

Drug Delivery: Enteral Route

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The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
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Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route01:29

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

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The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...
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Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

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Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs...
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Cardiovascular Drugs: Classification based on Therapeutic Indications01:18

Cardiovascular Drugs: Classification based on Therapeutic Indications

4.2K
Cardiovascular diseases, encompassing a range of conditions, can significantly affect the heart's operations and the overall circulatory system. These conditions impair the heart's ability to pump blood, leading to a deficit in oxygen supply to crucial organs. Anomalies in the heart's electrical system, known as arrhythmias, can cause heartbeats to accelerate or slow down. Usually, heart rates increase during physical activity and decrease while resting or sleeping. However,...
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Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Dose Adjustments Based on Drug Clearance and Elimination Rate Constant01:25

Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Dose Adjustments Based on Drug Clearance and Elimination Rate Constant

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In patients with renal disease, dosage adjustments are necessary to maintain therapeutic plasma drug concentrations and prevent toxicity or subtherapeutic exposure. Renal impairment alters drug pharmacokinetics, especially in conditions like uremia, where changes such as prolonged elimination half-life and altered apparent volume of distribution can significantly affect drug disposition. These changes require careful modification of the dosing regimen to achieve the desired clinical...
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Constructing a Collagen Hydrogel for the Delivery of Stem Cell-loaded Chitosan Microspheres
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Chitosan-Based Nanomaterials for Drug Delivery.

Jianghua Li1, Chao Cai2,3, Jiarui Li4

  • 1Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China. jianghuali0225@163.com.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
|October 19, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Chitosan nanomaterials offer advanced drug delivery solutions. These biocompatible carriers improve drug transport and efficacy, showing great promise for targeted therapies.

Keywords:
chitosandrug deliverynanomaterials

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Drug Delivery Systems

Background:

  • Chitosan (CS), a natural polysaccharide from marine crustaceans, is a versatile biomaterial.
  • Its inherent biocompatibility, biodegradability, low toxicity, and structural variability make it ideal for drug delivery.
  • Conventional drug delivery faces challenges like poor bioavailability and off-target effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review various forms of chitosan-based nanomaterials for controlled drug delivery.
  • To highlight novel CS derivatives and their preparation methods.
  • To present advanced applications of CS nanomaterials in targeted drug therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on chitosan nanomaterial synthesis and characterization.
  • Analysis of different chitosan derivatives and their advantages.
  • Examination of nanomaterial properties like environmental, pH, and thermal responsiveness.

Main Results:

  • Chitosan-based nanomaterials exhibit enhanced biocompatibility and can cross the blood-brain barrier.
  • These nanomaterials offer targeted delivery triggered by specific environmental stimuli.
  • Various forms of CS nanomaterials have been successfully developed and applied.

Conclusions:

  • Chitosan nanomaterials represent a significant advancement in overcoming drug transport limitations.
  • The combination of nanotechnology with chitosan derivatives improves drug efficacy.
  • CS-based nanomaterials are highly effective for targeted drug delivery and therapy.