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Biodiversity increases and decreases ecosystem stability.

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Species richness boosted temporal stability but reduced resistance to warming in aquatic ecosystems. This negative relationship between stability components highlights complex biodiversity effects on ecosystem functions.

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Species diversity influences ecological stability and ecosystem functions.
  • Previous research shows varied effects of diversity on stability components like resistance and resilience.
  • The covariation between stability components and the impact of diversity on overall ecosystem stability are poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how species richness affects temporal variability, resistance, and overall ecosystem stability.
  • To explore the covariation between different components of ecological stability along a diversity gradient.
  • To link ecosystem multifunctionality with ecosystem stability to understand biodiversity's net effect.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a large-scale experiment with aquatic ciliate communities.
  • Manipulated species richness across 690 micro-ecosystems.
  • Collected 12,939 samples over 40 days to measure stability components.

Main Results:

  • Increased species richness enhanced temporal stability.
  • Increased species richness decreased resistance to warming.
  • Observed a negative covariation between temporal stability and resistance.
  • Found hump-shaped and U-shaped effects of diversity on overall ecosystem stability.

Conclusions:

  • Biodiversity's impact on ecological stability is complex, with trade-offs between stability components.
  • The relationship between species diversity and ecosystem stability can be non-linear (hump-shaped or U-shaped).
  • Integrating ecosystem multifunctionality and stability concepts provides a nuanced view of biodiversity's role, aiding policy translation.