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Correction: Cevenini et al. Lytic or Latent Phase in Human Cytomegalovirus Infection: An Epigenetic Trigger. <i>Int. J. Mol. Sci.</i> 2025, <i>26</i>, 11554.

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P50 Sensory Gating in Infants
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RSV prophylaxis in premature infants.

Antonio Del Vecchio1, Caterina Franco2, Karin Del Vecchio3

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Minerva Pediatrica
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Premature infants are at high risk for severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections. Palivizumab offers safe and effective passive immunization to prevent RSV hospitalizations in high-risk infants.

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatology
  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • Infants born prematurely (before 37 weeks gestational age) have unique characteristics predisposing them to severe illness.
  • Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) and hospitalization in infants.
  • Prematurity is a significant risk factor for severe RSV disease, alongside other epidemiological, environmental, and demographic factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of prematurity in severe RSV disease.
  • To discuss current limitations in RSV prevention and treatment.
  • To evaluate the safety, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness of palivizumab for passive immunization in high-risk infants.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on RSV epidemiology, risk factors, and prevention strategies.
  • Analysis of the safety and efficacy data for palivizumab.
  • Discussion of healthcare policy implications regarding palivizumab prophylaxis.

Main Results:

  • Palivizumab is a safe and effective option for preventing RSV hospitalization in high-risk infants.
  • No effective antiviral therapies or preventative vaccines (maternal or child) are currently available for RSV.
  • Cost-effectiveness of palivizumab influences healthcare institution recommendations and adherence.

Conclusions:

  • Passive immunization with palivizumab is crucial for managing RSV risk in vulnerable infants.
  • Healthcare policies and recommendations for palivizumab use are influenced by cost-effectiveness analyses.
  • Further research into RSV prevention and treatment is ongoing.