Ehrlichia Infections, North Carolina, USA, 2016

Area of Science:

• Medical Entomology
• Infectious Diseases
• Public Health

Background:

• Tickborne illnesses, including ehrlichiosis, pose a significant public health concern.
• Timely diagnosis and treatment are crucial for managing tickborne diseases and preventing complications.
• Central North Carolina has a notable incidence of suspected tickborne illnesses.

Purpose of the Study:

• To assess the testing rates for Ehrlichia among individuals with suspected tickborne illness in central North Carolina.
• To determine the potential impact of under-testing on diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up care.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective analysis of medical records for patients presenting with suspected tickborne illness.
• Evaluation of diagnostic testing orders for Ehrlichia.
• Comparison of treatment and follow-up patterns between tested and untested patients.

Main Results:

• Approximately two-thirds of individuals with suspected tickborne illness were not tested for Ehrlichia.
• An estimated 13% of untested individuals may have had a missed diagnosis of ehrlichiosis.
• Untested individuals were significantly less likely to receive appropriate antimicrobial treatment and undergo follow-up testing.

Conclusions:

• Under-testing for Ehrlichia is prevalent in central North Carolina among patients with suspected tickborne illness.
• Failure to test for Ehrlichia can lead to delayed or missed diagnoses, impacting patient outcomes.
• Improved diagnostic strategies and adherence to testing guidelines are necessary to ensure adequate care for tickborne illnesses.