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    Area of Science:

    • Non-destructive testing
    • Ultrasonic guided waves
    • Material science

    Background:

    • SH0 guided waves are standard for inspecting simple defects in pipes.
    • Tilted and branching cracks, common in alkaline soils, are poorly approximated by vertical notches.
    • Understanding wave interaction with complex defects is crucial for accurate inspection.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • Investigate SH0 guided wave interaction with tilted, surface-breaking cracks.
    • Analyze the effects of crack tilt and depth on wave scattering.
    • Explore the potential for defect detection and characterization using observed phenomena.

    Main Methods:

    • Numerical simulation of SH0 guided wave propagation and scattering.
    • Analysis of wave interaction with tilted crack models.
    • Experimental validation of simulation results.

    Main Results:

    • Crack tilt direction does not impact scattering behavior.
    • Axial crack extent is critical for reflectivity, causing transmission nulls.
    • Transmission nulls occur for all depths, with frequency range increasing with depth.
    • Nulls are absent above the SH1 cutoff due to multimodal propagation.

    Conclusions:

    • Transmission nulls in SH0 guided waves offer a promising method for detecting small, tilted cracks.
    • Measuring the null frequency aids in characterizing defect depth.
    • This phenomenon enhances non-destructive evaluation capabilities for complex crack geometries.