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[Arterial hypertension, cognitive disorders and dementia: a view of a cardiologist]

O D Ostroumova1, M S Cherniaeva2

  • 1Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry named after A.I. Evdakimov, Moscow, Russia; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.

Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S.S. Korsakova
|October 19, 2018
PubMed

Insights

High blood pressure (hypertension) in midlife increases dementia risk later in life. Antihypertensive therapy may help prevent cognitive decline and dementia, but more research is needed.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Cardiology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Arterial hypertension (AH) is a significant risk factor for cognitive impairment and dementia.
  • Existing research indicates a link between blood pressure (BP) levels and the risk of vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review Russian and foreign literature on the impact of arterial hypertension on cognitive function and dementia risk.
  • To evaluate the role of antihypertensive therapy in the prevention of cognitive decline.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of large observational studies and clinical trials.
  • Analysis of evidence on the effects of hypertension in midlife and late-life on cognitive outcomes.
  • Assessment of the impact of antihypertensive therapy on cognitive function and dementia prevention.

Main Results:

  • Hypertension in middle age is associated with a negative effect on cognitive functions in later life.
  • Large studies demonstrate that elevated BP increases the risk of vascular dementia and AD in older adults.
  • Observational studies suggest a positive effect of antihypertensive therapy in preventing cognitive impairment and dementia.

Conclusions:

  • Antihypertensive therapy shows promise in preventing cognitive decline and dementia.
  • Further research is necessary due to limitations in current studies.
  • An interdisciplinary approach involving cardiologists, therapists, and neurologists is crucial for managing cognitive impairment, incorporating risk factor correction and neuroprotective strategies.

Keywords:
Alzheimer diseaseantihypertensive therapyarterial hypertensioncognitive impairmentdementia

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