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Leptospirosis in Ukraine (Lviv Oblast): Clinical and Epidemiological Features

Olena Zubach1, Tetiana Telegina1, Oksana Semenyshyn2

  • 11 Department of Infectious Diseases, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine.

Vector Borne and Zoonotic Diseases (Larchmont, N.Y.)
|October 19, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Leptospirosis risk factors include rodent contact and bathing in water. Clinical diagnosis alone led to higher mortality compared to confirmed cases via microscopic agglutination test (MAT).

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease with significant public health implications.
  • Understanding risk factors and diagnostic accuracy is crucial for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze clinical data of leptospirosis patients.
  • To identify main risk factors and prevalent serotypes.
  • To compare mortality rates between clinically diagnosed and serologically confirmed cases.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 395 patient medical records (2002-2016).
  • Identification of risk factors: rodent contact and water exposure.
  • Serotyping using the microscopic agglutination test (MAT).
  • Comparison of mortality rates based on diagnostic confirmation.

Main Results:

  • Key risk factors identified: rodent/excrement contact (26.84%) and bathing in water bodies (10.63%).
  • Prevalent serotypes: *Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae* (33.33%) and *Leptospira grippotyphosa* (25.0%) among 276 MAT-confirmed patients.
  • Higher mortality in clinically diagnosed (15.13%) vs. MAT-confirmed (5.43%) leptospirosis (p<0.01).

Conclusions:

  • Rodent contact and water exposure are significant leptospirosis risk factors in the studied region.
  • Microscopic agglutination test (MAT) confirmation is vital for accurate diagnosis and improved patient outcomes.
  • Timely and accurate diagnosis significantly reduces leptospirosis-related mortality.
Keywords:
epidemiologyleptospirosismicroagglutination test

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