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Related Concept Videos

Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

23.2K
Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
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Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition02:33

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20.2K
Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...
20.2K
Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

15.2K
Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
15.2K
Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation02:39

Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation

21.3K
The physical form of a substance changes on changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. Vaporization occurs when the thermal motion of the molecules overcome the intermolecular forces, and the molecules (at the surface) escape into the gaseous state. When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase molecules...
21.3K
SN2 Reaction: Transition State02:26

SN2 Reaction: Transition State

11.9K
An SN2 reaction of an alkyl halide is a single-step process in which bond formation between the nucleophile and the substrate and bond breaking between the substrate and the halide occurs simultaneously through a transition state without forming an intermediate.
When the nucleophile approaches the electrophilic carbon with its lone pairs, the halide acts as a leaving group and moves away with the electron-pair bonded to the carbon. Dotted partial bonds represent the bonds being formed or broken...
11.9K
Phase Diagrams02:39

Phase Diagrams

50.2K
A phase diagram combines plots of pressure versus temperature for the liquid-gas, solid-liquid, and solid-gas phase-transition equilibria of a substance. These diagrams indicate the physical states that exist under specific conditions of pressure and temperature and also provide the pressure dependence of the phase-transition temperatures (melting points, sublimation points, boiling points). Regions or areas labeled solid, liquid, and gas represent single phases, while lines or curves represent...
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Temperature-induced isostructural phase transition on NaCe(MoO4)2 system: A Raman scattering study.

J V B Moura1, C Luz-Lima2, G S Pinheiro2

  • 1Departamento de Física, Campus do Pici, Universidade Federal do Ceará, P. O. Box 6030, CEP 60.455-970, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.

Spectrochimica Acta. Part A, Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy
|October 19, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Raman spectroscopy reveals sodium‑cerium molybdate (NaCe(MoO4)2) remains stable below 748 K. Above this temperature, an isostructural phase transition occurs, indicated by spectral anomalies.

Keywords:
Isostructural phase transitionRaman scatteringSodium‑cerium molybdateTemperature dependence

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Area of Science:

  • Solid State Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Phonon properties are crucial for understanding structural phase transitions in materials.
  • Scheelite-type sodium‑cerium molybdate (NaCe(MoO4)2) is a material of interest for its potential structural behaviors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the temperature-dependent phonon properties of NaCe(MoO4)2.
  • To identify and characterize phase transitions in NaCe(MoO4)2 using Raman spectroscopy.

Main Methods:

  • Temperature-dependent Raman spectroscopy was employed.
  • Measurements were conducted across a temperature range of 113-873 K.
  • Analysis focused on spectral modifications indicative of structural changes.

Main Results:

  • The scheelite phase of NaCe(MoO4)2 remained stable from 113 K to 293 K.
  • Anomalies in vibrational spectra, including band overlaps and a new band at 458 cm⁻¹, were observed above 748 K.
  • These spectral changes indicate a reversible, isostructural phase transition.

Conclusions:

  • NaCe(MoO4)2 undergoes a reversible isostructural phase transition at high temperatures (above 748 K).
  • Raman spectroscopy effectively probes the phonon dynamics associated with this structural transformation.
  • Further investigation into the mechanism of this high-temperature phase transition is warranted.