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The Burden and Impact of Antibiotic Prescribing in Ambulatory Pediatrics

Alexandra B Yonts1, Matthew P Kronman2, Rana F Hamdy3

  • 1Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, D.C., United States.

Current Problems in Pediatric and Adolescent Health Care
|October 20, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Antibiotic overuse in children is common, even for viral infections. This leads to serious consequences like adverse drug reactions and rising antimicrobial resistance.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Antibiotics are frequently prescribed to children and adolescents.
  • Many pediatric illnesses are viral or non-infectious, yet antibiotics are often used.
  • Judicious antibiotic use is crucial to prevent adverse outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify antimicrobial use in US pediatric outpatient settings.
  • To review appropriate antibiotic regimens for common pediatric conditions.
  • To investigate reasons for inappropriate antibiotic prescribing and its consequences.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of antimicrobial use in pediatric outpatient settings.
  • Analysis of prescribing patterns and reasons for inappropriate use.
  • Examination of consequences including adverse drug reactions and antimicrobial resistance.

Main Results:

  • High burden of antibiotic use in US pediatric outpatient settings.
  • Identification of common reasons for inappropriate antibiotic prescribing.
  • Evidence of adverse drug reactions, microbiome disruption, and increased antimicrobial resistance.

Conclusions:

  • Inappropriate antibiotic prescribing in pediatric outpatient settings is a significant issue.
  • Overuse contributes to adverse drug reactions and antimicrobial resistance.
  • Improved prescribing practices are needed to mitigate negative consequences.

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