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mRNA Stability and Gene Expression

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The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the half-life of mRNA varies from a few minutes up to several days. mRNA stability is essential in growth and development. The absence of the proteins regulating its stability, such as tristetraprolin in mice, can cause systemic issues, including bone marrow overgrowth, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
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Regulated mRNA Transport

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In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are compartmentalized; an mRNA is first synthesized in the nucleus and then selectively transported to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. Before transport, a pre-mRNA undergoes several steps of post-transcriptional modifications including splicing, 5' capping, and the addition of a poly-adenine tail. Various proteins bind to the pre-mRNA during these modifications. The mRNA transport takes place with the help of multiple proteins playing...

pre-mRNA Processing

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The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
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mirMachine: A One-Stop Shop for Plant miRNA Annotation

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Persistent mRNA and miRNA expression changes in irradiated baboons.

Matthias Port¹, Francis Hérodin², Marco Valente²

¹Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Neuherbergstr. 11, Munich, 80937, Germany.

Scientific Reports

|October 20, 2018

Summary

Radiation exposure causes lasting changes in gene expression in baboons. Specific microRNAs (miRNAs) showed significant, persistent up-regulation, offering potential biomarkers for radiation effects.

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Area of Science:

Radiation biology
Genomics
Molecular biology

Background:

Radiation exposure can induce persistent molecular alterations.
Understanding long-term gene expression changes is crucial for assessing radiation effects.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate persistent transcriptome and post-transcriptome changes after radiation exposure in a baboon model.
To identify specific messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) with altered expression post-irradiation.

Main Methods:

Whole genome screening for mRNA and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) for miRNA detection in baboon blood samples.
Validation of candidate differentially expressed genes and miRNAs at multiple time points post-radiation (7, 28, 75-106 days).

Main Results:

Two mRNAs showed significant 3-5-fold differences in gene expression.
Twenty-one miRNAs were validated, exhibiting persistent expression changes throughout the study period.
miR-212 was notably up-regulated 48-77-fold, implicated in radiosensitivity and immune modulation.

Conclusions:

Radiation exposure induces persistent changes in gene and miRNA expression in baboons.
Specific miRNAs, like miR-212, may serve as biomarkers for radiation exposure and its effects.
Findings provide insights into molecular mechanisms and potential clinical implications of radiation exposure.