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Related Concept Videos

Translation01:31

Translation

156.4K
Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of...
156.4K
Translation01:31

Translation

17.8K
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Proteins are...
17.8K
Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

39.0K
Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...
39.0K
Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

27.7K
The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the site where the peptide bond is formed - and a large, internal, water-filled tube through which the nascent polypeptide moves. This latter structure is called the Peptide Exit Tunnel, and it begins at the PTC and spans the body of the large ribosomal subunit. During translation, as the nascent polypeptide chain is synthesized, it passes through...
27.7K
Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

6.8K
6.8K
Subcellular Fractionation01:32

Subcellular Fractionation

8.9K
The homogenate obtained after cell lysis contains various membrane-bound organelles that can be further separated into pure fractions by subcellular fractionation. These isolates are used to study specific cellular components, analyze localized protein activity, and are even employed in diagnostics. Fractionation is typically achieved using centrifugation methods, the most common being density-gradient and differential centrifugation.
Differential Centrifugation
Differential centrifugation is...
8.9K

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Dissection of Drosophila melanogaster Flight Muscles for Omics Approaches
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Omics approaches for subcellular translation studies.

Indrek Koppel1, Mike Fainzilber

  • 1Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel. indrek@weizmann.ac.il mike.fainzilber@weizmann.ac.il.

Molecular Omics
|October 20, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Local protein synthesis is vital for cell function. This review covers omics methods to study genome-wide protein translation in specific cell locations, bridging a gap in current research.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Compartmentalized translation enables rapid, localized protein synthesis within cells.
  • Subcellular transcriptomes have been extensively mapped using microarray and RNA sequencing.
  • The genome-wide extent of local mRNA translation into protein remains understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review existing omics methods for studying localized protein synthesis.
  • To highlight techniques enabling cell-specific and subcellularly restricted analysis.
  • To address the gap in understanding genome-wide protein translation at the subcellular level.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current omics methodologies.
  • Focus on physical subcellular separation techniques.
  • Emphasis on methods for cell-specific and subcellular resolution.

Main Results:

  • Identification of various omics approaches for studying compartmentalized translation.
  • Discussion of the strengths and limitations of different techniques.
  • Highlighting the need for advanced methods for precise spatial analysis.

Conclusions:

  • Further development and application of omics methods are crucial.
  • Understanding localized translation is key to deciphering cellular function.
  • This review provides a framework for future research in spatial proteomics.