Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

741
Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
741
Porin Insertion in the Outer Mitochondrial Membrane01:12

Porin Insertion in the Outer Mitochondrial Membrane

4.8K
Porins are beta-barrel proteins translocated to the mitochondrial outer membrane through the TOM complex into the intermembrane space. Porin precursors bind TIM chaperones within the intermembrane space and are guided to the Sorting and Assembly Machinery complex or SAM complex on the outer mitochondrial membrane.
Three models describe the assembly of porins by the SAM complex and their insertion into the outer membrane. Model 1 suggests that porins are assembled outside the SAM channel as the...
4.8K
Insertion of Single-pass Transmembrane Proteins in the RER01:26

Insertion of Single-pass Transmembrane Proteins in the RER

18.1K
Integral membrane proteins are proteins adhered to the lipid bilayer of a cell organelle or membrane. They can be of two types: transmembrane integral proteins that span the lipid bilayer and monotopic proteins that are attached to either side of the membrane but do not pass through it.
Integral transmembrane proteins possess transmembrane and extra membrane domains. The transmembrane domains are primarily made of 20-25 hydrophobic amino acids arranged in a helical secondary confirmation. These...
18.1K
Insertion of Multi-pass Transmembrane Proteins in the RER01:29

Insertion of Multi-pass Transmembrane Proteins in the RER

18.4K
The rough ER membrane synthesizes, assembles, and embeds transmembrane proteins in diverse topologies. These proteins function as transporters or channels and can remain in the ER membrane or are sent to the Golgi complex, lysosome, and cell membrane.
The multipass transmembrane proteins are the type IV integral membrane proteins with multiple topogenic sequences determining their spatial arrangement in the ER membrane. Nearly all multipass proteins lack a cleavable signal sequence and use...
18.4K
Qualitative Analysis03:46

Qualitative Analysis

24.3K
For solutions containing mixtures of different cations, the identity of each cation can be determined by qualitative analysis. This technique involves a series of selective precipitations with different chemical reagents, each reaction producing a characteristic precipitate for a specific group of cations. Metal ions within a group are further separated by varying the pH, heating the mixture to redissolve a precipitate, or adding other reagents to form complex ions.
For instance, group IV...
24.3K
Dimensional Analysis03:40

Dimensional Analysis

64.5K
Dimensional analysis, also known as the factor label method, is a versatile approach for mathematical operations. The main principle behind this approach is: the units of quantities must be subjected to the same mathematical operations as their associated numbers. This method can be applied to computations ranging from simple unit conversions to more complex and multi-step calculations involving several different quantities and their units.
Conversion Factors and Dimensional Analysis
The unit...
64.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Sequential BCR::ABL1 evaluation during dose de-escalation in peripheral blood is more predictive of TFR success than single assessment at dose de-escalation in either peripheral blood or bone marrow.

Leukemia·2026
Same author

[Endogenous Candida endophthalmitis: diagnostics and treatment options based on case studies].

Die Ophthalmologie·2024
Same author

[Endogenous Candida endophthalmitis].

Die Ophthalmologie·2024
Same author

[High myopia in vitrectomized eyes : Contraindication for minimally invasive glaucoma surgery implant?]

Der Ophthalmologe : Zeitschrift der Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft·2019
Same author

Simulating Tsunami Inundation and Soil Response in a Large Centrifuge.

Scientific reports·2019
Same author

[Ocular injuries from fireworks in the past 11 years : Evaluation of the University Hospital and Polyclinic for Ophthalmology Halle].

Der Ophthalmologe : Zeitschrift der Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft·2019
Same journal

[Promoting young academics in anesthesiology: factors for an attractive internship].

Der Anaesthesist·2022
Same journal

[Respiratory support in COVID-19: all in due time!]

Der Anaesthesist·2022
Same journal

[Noninvasive respiratory support and invasive ventilation in COVID‑19 : Where do we stand today?]

Der Anaesthesist·2022
Same journal

[Management of acutely decompensated liver cirrhosis in emergency and critical care medicine].

Der Anaesthesist·2022
Same journal

[Anesthesia in patients with acute porphyria].

Der Anaesthesist·2022
Same journal

[Quality and safe anesthesia for all children : That is their right!]

Der Anaesthesist·2022
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Non-restraining EEG Radiotelemetry: Epidural and Deep Intracerebral Stereotaxic EEG Electrode Placement
06:58

Non-restraining EEG Radiotelemetry: Epidural and Deep Intracerebral Stereotaxic EEG Electrode Placement

Published on: June 25, 2016

20.0K

Epidural needle insertion : A large registry analysis.

H Bomberg1, N Paquet2, A Huth2

  • 1Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, University Medical Centre, Saarland University, Kirrbergerstraße 1, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Germany. Hagen.Bomberg@uks.eu.

Der Anaesthesist
|October 20, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Deeper epidural needle insertion increases risks for vascular and multiple skin punctures but reduces dural puncture risk. Insertion depth varies by patient factors, limiting its use as a reliable guide for epidural procedures.

Keywords:
ComplicationDuralLumbarRegional anesthesiaThoracic

More Related Videos

Epidural Intracranial Pressure Measurement in Rats Using a Fiber-optic Pressure Transducer
09:04

Epidural Intracranial Pressure Measurement in Rats Using a Fiber-optic Pressure Transducer

Published on: April 25, 2012

21.6K
Author Spotlight: Enhancing Microinjection Needle Quality by Wet Beveling
06:00

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Microinjection Needle Quality by Wet Beveling

Published on: September 27, 2024

867

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Non-restraining EEG Radiotelemetry: Epidural and Deep Intracerebral Stereotaxic EEG Electrode Placement
06:58

Non-restraining EEG Radiotelemetry: Epidural and Deep Intracerebral Stereotaxic EEG Electrode Placement

Published on: June 25, 2016

20.0K
Epidural Intracranial Pressure Measurement in Rats Using a Fiber-optic Pressure Transducer
09:04

Epidural Intracranial Pressure Measurement in Rats Using a Fiber-optic Pressure Transducer

Published on: April 25, 2012

21.6K
Author Spotlight: Enhancing Microinjection Needle Quality by Wet Beveling
06:00

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Microinjection Needle Quality by Wet Beveling

Published on: September 27, 2024

867

Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Regional Anesthesia
  • Pain Management

Background:

  • Epidural catheter insertion commonly leads to complications like dural puncture, paresthesia, and vascular puncture.
  • The relationship between these complications and the needle insertion depth during midline epidural procedures is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between midline needle insertion depth and the risk of dural puncture, vascular puncture, paresthesia, and multiple skin punctures.
  • To identify insertion depth as a potential risk factor for common epidural complications.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 14,503 epidural catheter insertions from the German Network for Regional Anaesthesia registry (2007-2015).
  • Logistic regression analysis adjusted for confounders to assess the risk of complications related to insertion depth.
  • Data included lumbar, low thoracic, and upper thoracic epidural insertions.

Main Results:

  • Increased needle insertion depth independently elevated the risk of vascular puncture (adjOR 1.27) and multiple skin punctures (adjOR 1.25).
  • Conversely, dural punctures were associated with shallower insertion depths (adjOR 0.73).
  • Paresthesia was not significantly related to insertion depth; BMI and sex did not influence puncture risks. Thoracic epidurals had lower vascular puncture risk than lumbar epidurals.

Conclusions:

  • Midline insertion depth is an independent risk factor for specific epidural complications, with deeper insertions linked to vascular and multiple skin punctures, and shallower insertions to dural punctures.
  • The inherent variability in insertion depth across patients prevents its reliable use as a guide for individual epidural procedures.