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Negative thoughts in depression: A study in Iran.

Parvaneh Mohammadkhani1, Mahdi Bagheri1, Keith S Dobson2

  • 1Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

International Journal of Psychology : Journal International De Psychologie
|October 20, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Depression is linked to negative thinking, particularly towards oneself and the future. This study confirms the cognitive theory of depression in Iran, highlighting the need for culturally relevant mental health research in the Middle East.

Keywords:
CultureDepressionNegative thoughts

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Background:

  • The cognitive theory of depression links negative thoughts with depressive symptoms.
  • While widely studied in Western nations, cognitive profiles of depression in the Middle East remain under-researched.
  • Iran, a non-Arab Middle Eastern country, presents a unique context for examining depression's cognitive underpinnings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between negative automatic thoughts and depression in an Iranian population.
  • To evaluate the applicability of the cognitive theory of depression in a Middle Eastern context.
  • To compare cognitive profiles of depressed versus non-depressed individuals in Iran.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study involving 80 depressed and 80 non-depressed Iranian adults.
  • Participants were recruited via convenience sampling.
  • Depression status was assessed using structured interviews, the Major Depressive Disorder subscale of the Psychiatric Diagnostic Screening Questionnaire, and the Beck Depression Inventory-II. Negative automatic thoughts were measured using the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire-Negative.

Main Results:

  • Depressed individuals in Iran reported significantly more negative thoughts about themselves and their future compared to non-depressed individuals.
  • These findings align with the negativity hypothesis of the cognitive theory of depression.
  • Results differ from some previous findings in Arab countries within the Middle East.

Conclusions:

  • The cognitive theory of depression, specifically the negativity hypothesis, appears applicable to the Iranian population.
  • Cultural variations in cognitive profiles of depression within the Middle East warrant further investigation.
  • Future research should explore other facets of the cognitive theory of depression in the Middle East.