Estimation of the Onset of Crack Growth in Ductile Materials

In this paper, the ductile fracture mechanism is discussed. The results of numerical and experimental analyses were used to estimate the onset of crack front growth. It was assumed that the ductile fracture in front of the crack starts at the location along the crack front where the accumulated effective plastic strain reaches a critical value. According to numerous research articles, the critical effective plastic strain depends on the stress triaxiality and the Lode angle. The experimental program was performed using five different specimen geometries, three different materials, and three different temperatures of +20 °C, -20 °C, and -50 °C. Using the experimental data and results of the finite element computations, the critical effective plastic strains were determined for each material and temperature. However, before the critical effective plastic strain was determined, a careful calibration of the stress⁻strain curves was performed after modification of the Bai⁻Wierzbicki procedure. It was found that critical effective plastic strain was a function of triaxiality factor and Lode parameter, as expected, and that the fracture locus was useful to estimate the onset of ductile crack growth.