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Related Concept Videos

Anatomy of the Brain: Ventricles01:18

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There are hollow fluid-filled cavities known as ventricles deep inside the human brain. There are two lateral ventricles, one in each cerebral hemisphere, and each has three different projections — the anterior, inferior, and posterior horns visible from the lateral side. A thin membrane called the septum pellucidum separates the two lateral ventricles. The slender third ventricle in the diencephalon is connected to each lateral ventricle via a channel called the interventricular foramen.
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Torsion of Noncircular Members01:16

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Circular shafts undergoing torsional stress maintain their cross-sectional integrity due to their axisymmetric nature. This symmetry ensures an even distribution of stress, allowing the shaft to withstand torsion without distorting. In contrast, square bars, lacking this axial symmetry, experience significant distortion across their cross-sections when subjected to torsion, with the exception of along their diagonals and at lines connecting midpoints. A detailed examination of a cubic element...
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Anatomy of the Heart01:27

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The human heart is made up of three layers of tissue that are surrounded by the pericardium, a membrane that protects and confines the heart. The outermost layer, closest to the pericardium, is the epicardium. The pericardial cavity separates the pericardium from the epicardium. Beneath the epicardium is the myocardium, the middle layer, and the endocardium, the innermost layer. There are four chambers of the heart: the right atrium, the right ventricle, the left atrium, and the left ventricle.
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Bending and Torsional Moments01:20

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Bending and torsional moments are two fundamental concepts in structural engineering. They play an important role in understanding the behavior of materials and structures under different loading conditions.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Patient-specific Modeling of the Heart: Estimation of Ventricular Fiber Orientations
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Ventricular Torsion in Young Patients With Single-Ventricle Anatomy.

Michael Grattan1, Luc Mertens2, Lars Grosse-Wortmann2

  • 1Department of Paediatrics, Division of Cardiology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Paediatrics, LHSC Children's Hospital, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.

Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : Official Publication of the American Society of Echocardiography
|October 21, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Single ventricle physiology preserves overall torsion due to increased apical rotation, despite altered basal rotation. This finding is crucial for understanding ventricular function in patients with single ventricles (SVs).

Keywords:
Congenital heart diseaseFontanSingle ventricleStrainTorsion

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Systolic torsion, a combination of basal and apical rotation, is vital for normal left ventricular function.
  • The mechanics of torsion in single-ventricle (SV) physiology remain largely unexplored.
  • This study investigates torsion in SVs to understand its role in altered cardiac function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To measure systolic torsion in patients with single ventricles (SVs).
  • To determine the relationship between torsion and other ventricular function parameters in SVs.
  • To test the hypothesis that torsion is decreased in SVs, particularly single right ventricles.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective cross-sectional study involving 61 patients with SVs and 30 controls.
  • Echocardiography, cardiac catheterization, and cardiac MRI were used to assess ventricular function.
  • Speckle-tracking echocardiography measured torsion and strain; catheterization provided pressure data; MRI yielded volume and ejection fraction.

Main Results:

  • Patients with SVs exhibited similar overall torsion compared to controls.
  • However, SVs showed decreased basal rotation and increased apical rotation.
  • No significant correlations were found between torsion and other measures of cardiac function, irrespective of ventricular dominance or palliative stage.

Conclusions:

  • Single ventricles (SVs) demonstrate preserved overall torsion, primarily driven by increased apical rotation.
  • Potential mechanisms for preserved torsion in SVs include myofiber remodeling and altered ventricular interactions.
  • Understanding myocardial deformation in SVs is essential for accurate interpretation of ventricular function in this patient group.