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A 21st Century Problem: Cannabis Toxicity in a 13-Month-Old Child
Rachel J Levene1, Elza Pollak-Christian1, Sigrid Wolfram2
1Department of Pediatrics, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York.
The Journal of Emergency Medicine
|October 21, 2018
Summary
Unintentional cannabis exposure in young children can cause altered mental status. Emergency physicians should consider tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) exposure in pediatric patients and utilize urine screening for diagnosis.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Emergency Medicine
- Toxicology
Background:
- Cannabis use is prevalent globally, with increasing accessibility due to legislative changes.
- Emergency physicians need to recognize cannabis toxicity in children, ranging from altered mental status to coma.
Observation:
- A 13-month-old female presented with altered mental status and lethargy.
- Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) exposure was confirmed via urine gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Findings:
- Urine screening for cannabinoids is crucial for diagnosing THC exposure in pediatric patients.
- Prompt diagnosis prevents unnecessary and costly investigations like brain imaging and lumbar puncture.
Implications:
- Physicians must inquire about caretakers' cannabis use to identify potential exposures.
- Awareness and appropriate testing are vital for managing pediatric cannabis toxicity effectively.
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