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Bifid mandibular condyles: A systematic review.

J Borrás-Ferreres1, A Sánchez-Torres, C Gay-Escoda

  • 1School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Campus de Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, C/ Feixa Llarga, s/n, Pavelló Govern 2 planta, Despatx 2.9, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain, albaschez@gmail.com.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bifid mandibular condyle (BMC) is a rare disorder with congenital or traumatic causes. Common symptoms include hypomobility and arthralgia, often managed with conservative treatments.

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Area of Science:

  • Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
  • Radiology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Bifid mandibular condyle (BMC) is an exceptionally rare condition involving mandibular condyle duplication.
  • Its reported prevalence varies between 0.31% and 1.82%.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detail the etiological, clinical, and radiological features of BMC patients.
  • To outline current treatment strategies for BMC.
  • To present two novel cases of BMC.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive systematic literature review was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library.
  • Included studies were prospective/retrospective cohorts, case series, and case reports detailing BMC characteristics.
  • Data extracted included demographics, etiology, diagnostics, clinical presentation, and treatments, supplemented by two new cases.

Main Results:

  • The review analyzed 216 patients and 270 BMCs from 68 selected articles.
  • The average age was 30.6 years, with a 1.4:1 female-to-male ratio.
  • Most common symptoms were hypomobility (22.7%), arthralgia (18.1%), joint noise (17.2%), and ankylosis (17.6%). Etiologies included trauma (40.8%) or were unknown (55.9%).

Conclusions:

  • BMC can arise from congenital factors or trauma.
  • Hypomobility and arthralgia are the predominant symptoms.
  • Conservative management approaches are frequently employed for BMC.