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Related Concept Videos

Mutations

Mutations

Mutations

Mutations

Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
While point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide in...

Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell

Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell

Cancer arises from mutations in the critical genes that allow healthy cells to escape cell cycle regulation and acquire the ability to proliferate indefinitely. Though originating from a single mutation event in one of the originator cells, cancer progresses when the mutant cell lines continue to gain more and more mutations, and finally, become malignant. For example, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) develops initially as a non-lethal increase in white blood cells, which progressively...

Viral Mutations

Viral Mutations

A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...

Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift

Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift

In a population that is not at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of alleles changes over time. Therefore, any deviations from the five conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can alter the genetic variation of a given population. Conditions that change the genetic variability of a population include mutations, natural selection, non-random mating, gene flow, and genetic drift (small population size).

Defining Psychology

Defining Psychology

Psychology is the scientific discipline dedicated to understanding both observable behavior and the internal mental processes underlying such behavior. It aims to comprehend human nature and apply this understanding to solve practical problems, enhance well-being, and improve societal outcomes. An example of psychology's application is the study of prosocial behavior, such as why and under what conditions individuals might help strangers in need. This process involves describing observed...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Micropatterned Surfaces to Study Hyaluronic Acid Interactions with Cancer Cells

Micropatterned Surfaces to Study Hyaluronic Acid Interactions with Cancer Cells

Published on: December 22, 2010

Mutational interactions define novel cancer subgroups.

Jack Kuipers^1,2, Thomas Thurnherr³, Giusi Moffa^4,5

¹Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland. jack.kuipers@bsse.ethz.ch.

Nature Communications

|October 21, 2018

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces an advanced Bayesian network model to analyze tumor mutation data from over 8,000 cancer patients. The model identifies novel gene interaction patterns, improving cancer classification and survival prediction beyond tissue type.

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Next Generation Sequencing for the Detection of Actionable Mutations in Solid and Liquid Tumors

Next Generation Sequencing for the Detection of Actionable Mutations in Solid and Liquid Tumors

Published on: September 20, 2016

Quantification of Colonic Stem Cell Mutations

Quantification of Colonic Stem Cell Mutations

Published on: September 25, 2015

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Last Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Micropatterned Surfaces to Study Hyaluronic Acid Interactions with Cancer Cells

Micropatterned Surfaces to Study Hyaluronic Acid Interactions with Cancer Cells

Published on: December 22, 2010

Next Generation Sequencing for the Detection of Actionable Mutations in Solid and Liquid Tumors

Next Generation Sequencing for the Detection of Actionable Mutations in Solid and Liquid Tumors

Published on: September 20, 2016

Quantification of Colonic Stem Cell Mutations

Quantification of Colonic Stem Cell Mutations

Published on: September 25, 2015

Area of Science:

Genomics and Bioinformatics
Cancer Research
Computational Biology

Background:

Large-scale genomic data reveal complex molecular alterations in cancer progression.
Statistical analysis of cancer data aids in drug repositioning and targeted therapy design.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop an improved Bayesian network model for analyzing tumor mutational profiles.
To identify gene interaction signatures across diverse cancer types.
To create novel, tissue-independent cancer classifications for improved survival prediction.

Main Methods:

Development of an advanced Bayesian network model for tumor mutational data.
Application of the model to 8,198 patient samples across 22 cancer types from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA).
De novo clustering of pan-cancer mutational profiles based on network models.

Main Results:

Identification of gene-gene interactions within and across different cancer types.
Discovery of 22 novel cancer clusters based on mutational profiles, independent of tissue origin.
Demonstration that these novel clusters significantly enhance survival prediction compared to clinical information alone.

Conclusions:

The developed Bayesian network model effectively captures complex gene interaction signatures in cancer.
Tissue-independent cancer clustering improves prognostic accuracy and offers potential for genomic stratification in clinical trials.
Identified key gene interactions may serve as novel drug targets for precision oncology.