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Related Concept Videos

Aging01:26

Aging

703
Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
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The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

The Effect of Aging on Tissues

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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age01:09

Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age

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The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
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Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

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Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
237
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

701
As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution01:00

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

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Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Measuring Single-Cell Aging with an Imaging-based Biomarker of Chromatin and Epigenetic Aging
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Measuring Single-Cell Aging with an Imaging-based Biomarker of Chromatin and Epigenetic Aging

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Real Age: Red Blood Cell Aging During Storage.

Colleen G Koch1, Andra I Duncan2, Priscilla Figueroa3

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.

The Annals of Thoracic Surgery
|October 21, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Red blood cell (RBC) units age differently in storage. Functional measures of RBC quality, or "real age," may be better than the standard 42-day limit for assessing blood product suitability.

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Transfusion Medicine
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Red blood cell (RBC) units exhibit variable aging rates during cold storage.
  • The Food and Drug Administration mandates a uniform 42-day storage limit for RBCs.
  • Evidence suggests an RBC storage lesion impacts blood product quality over time.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present evidence for the RBC storage lesion.
  • To propose functional measures of RBC quality ('real age') as superior to calendar age.
  • To explore improved donor selection, storage, and transfusion efficacy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing evidence on RBC degradation during storage.
  • Analysis of factors influencing RBC aging, including donor characteristics and bio-preservation.
  • Examination of biochemical and morphological changes in stored RBCs.

Main Results:

  • In vitro aging data show significant RBC changes beyond 28-35 days.
  • Clinical trials often use RBC units that are not sufficiently aged to reflect in vitro changes.
  • Average storage age in trials for older units was 14-21 days, not capturing full aging effects.

Conclusions:

  • Real age of RBC products varies due to donor factors, storage, and biological changes.
  • Metrics assessing temporal quality changes are more appropriate than a fixed 42-day expiration.
  • Precision medicine necessitates acknowledging potential harm to vulnerable populations from aged blood products.