Generating electrical energy through urban solid waste in Brazil: An economic and energy comparative analysis

The search for alternative energy sources and increasing concerns over the generation of municipal solid waste are two widely discussed themes in contemporary academic literature. A possible alternative for solving both of these problems is through electrical energy generation through the use of this waste material. Although this practice is encouraged by the Brazilian National Solid Waste Policy, energy production through such methods still requires improvement. Given these considerations, this study aims to evaluate the generation of electric energy from solid waste in three different systems (biogas from sanitary landfills; methanization of organic fraction in anaerobic digesters; and combustion in incinerators) through economic and energy analysis. Economic analysis was performed with the parameters Net Present Value and Levelized Cost of Electricity. Economic viability was only seen in the cases which considered landfill biogas energy recovery, demonstrating a need for incentives and support policies to enable technologies that are environmentally more advantageous than landfills.