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Etiology and prognosis of pediatric short bowel syndrome
Annika Mutanen1, Paul W Wales1
1Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Group for Improvement of Intestinal Function and Treatment (GIFT), The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Transplant and Regenerative Medicine Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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Pediatric intestinal failure (IF) is a critical condition where children cannot absorb enough nutrients. Achieving enteral autonomy is key, but IF poses risks like liver disease and infections.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Gastroenterology
- Intestinal Rehabilitation
- Clinical Nutrition
Background:
- Pediatric intestinal failure (IF) is a severe condition impacting nutrient absorption.
- Despite care advancements, children with IF face significant complications.
- Key complications include liver disease, infections, and growth failure.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the current literature on the causes of pediatric IF.
- To identify factors influencing the prognosis of children with IF.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature review of pediatric intestinal failure.
- Analysis of studies focusing on etiology and prognostic factors.
Main Results:
- Pediatric IF necessitates tailored treatment plans for enteral autonomy.
- Numerous complications are associated with IF, impacting long-term outcomes.
- Etiology and prognostic factors are crucial for managing pediatric IF.
Conclusions:
- Understanding IF etiology and prognosis is vital for improved patient care.
- Further research can enhance treatment strategies and outcomes for pediatric IF.
- Achieving enteral autonomy remains the primary therapeutic goal.
Abstract:
Pediatric intestinal failure is a complex and devastating condition defined as the inability of the intestine to absorb an adequate amount of fluid and nutrients to sustain life. The primary goal of intestinal failure treatment is to achieve enteral autonomy with a customized treatment plan. Although recent improvements in intestinal failure patient care have led to significant improvements in the morbidity and mortality rate, children with intestinal failure are at risk for multiple complications such as intestinal failure associated liver disease, recurrent septic episodes, central line complications, metabolic bone disease, impaired kidney function, and failure to thrive. In this article, we review the current literature on the etiology and factors affecting prognosis of pediatric IF.
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