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BOLD delay times using group delay in sickle cell disease.

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|October 23, 2018
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Summary

Sickle cell disease (SCD) alters brain blood flow, causing faster and shorter delays in signal changes compared to healthy individuals. These modifications may serve as biomarkers for vascular damage in SCD patients.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Vascular Biology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited blood disorder impacting red blood cells, leading to vasoocclusion, ischemia, and infarcts.
  • Neurological damage and strokes are significant complications of SCD, contributing to morbidity and mortality.
  • Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) measures brain activity via Blood Oxygenation Level-Dependent (BOLD) signals, which reflect neurovascular coupling and blood flow dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare blood flow propagation delay times in cerebral arteries between SCD patients and healthy subjects.
  • To investigate the impact of SCD on brain blood flow using fMRI BOLD signal analysis.
  • To explore the potential of BOLD signal changes as biomarkers for vascular damage in SCD.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized induced desaturation as a labeling technique to profile transit times and oxygen utilization in different brain areas.
  • Employed fMRI to measure Blood Oxygenation Level-Dependent (BOLD) signal fluctuations.
  • Conducted group comparison analysis between SCD patients and control subjects, and analyzed a patient with anterior cerebral artery stenosis.

Main Results:

  • BOLD signal changes in cerebral arteries were found to be nearly simultaneous and shorter in SCD patients compared to controls, attributed to increased brain blood flow.
  • Analysis of a patient with anterior cerebral artery stenosis revealed a delay in the BOLD signal in the area supplied by this artery relative to the middle cerebral artery.
  • These findings indicate significant modifications in blood propagation within the brain due to sickle cell disease.

Conclusions:

  • Sickle cell disease demonstrably alters blood propagation dynamics in the brain.
  • The observed changes in BOLD signal propagation delays may serve as valuable biomarkers for detecting and monitoring vascular damage in SCD.
  • fMRI BOLD signal analysis offers a promising non-invasive approach to assess cerebrovascular alterations in sickle cell disease.