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Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Synthesis and Characterization of Supramolecular Colloids
Published on: April 22, 2016
Calixazulenes: azulene-based calixarene analogues - an overview and recent supramolecular complexation studies
Paris E Georghiou1, Shofiur Rahman1,2, Abdullah Alodhayb2,3
1Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador A1B 3X7, Canada.
Abstract:
Some of the least studied calixarenes are those that consist of azulene rings bridged by -CH2- groups. Since Lash and Colby's discovery of a simple and convenient method for producing the parent all-hydrocarbon calix[4]azulene, there have been two other all-hydrocarbon calix[4]azulenes which have been synthesized in good yields by their method. This allowed studying their supramolecular properties. This report is of our latest work on the solution-state supramolecular complexation of one of these calix[4]azulenes, namely tetrakis(5,7-diphenyl)calix[4]azulene or "OPC4A", with several electron-deficient tetraalkyammonium salts. As a result of more recent methods developed by us and others employing Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions to produce additional functionalized azulenes, the promise of further greater functionalized calixazulenes lies in store to be investigated.
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