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Related Concept Videos

Resonance02:52

Resonance

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The Lewis structure of a nitrite anion (NO2−) may actually be drawn in two different ways, distinguished by the locations of the N-O and N=O bonds.
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

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Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...
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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia01:30

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia

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Depending on the target organ, local anesthetics (LAs) can be administered via various routes. In surface anesthesia, LAs are applied directly to the surface of the skin or mucous membranes. It is widely used for topical skin numbing before venipuncture or minor surgical procedures. Commonly used surface local anesthetics are lidocaine or benzocaine sprays or creams. Surface anesthesia occurs within 5 minutes and lasts for about 60 minutes. One of the main disadvantages of topical anesthesia is...
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G-protein Coupled Receptors01:21

G-protein Coupled Receptors

132.0K
G-protein coupled receptors are ligand binding receptors that indirectly affect changes in the cell. The actual receptor is a single polypeptide that transverses the cell membrane seven times creating intracellular and extracellular loops. The extracellular loops create a ligand specific pocket which binds to neurotransmitters or hormones. The intracellular loops holds onto the G-protein.
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Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

1.5K
Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
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Engineering Antiviral Agents via Surface Plasmon Resonance
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Localized Surface Plasmon Coupling between Mid-IR-Resonant ITO Nanocrystals.

Min Xi1, Björn M Reinhard1

  • 1Department of Chemistry and the Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry. C, Nanomaterials and Interfaces
|October 23, 2018
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Summary

Tin-doped indium oxide nanocrystals offer tunable mid-infrared plasmonics. This study assesses their field enhancement for spectroscopy, comparing them to metal nanoparticles.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) nanocrystals exhibit tunable localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) in the mid-infrared spectrum.
  • ITO nanocrystals are n-doped plasmonic semiconductors with potential applications in field-enhanced spectroscopies.
  • Understanding their electromagnetic field localization and plasmon coupling is crucial for optimizing their performance compared to traditional metal nanoparticles (NPs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate plasmon coupling in ~6 nm ITO nanocrystal (NC) films.
  • To quantify the electromagnetic field enhancement effects on surface-attached ligands.
  • To compare the plasmonic properties of ITO NCs with metal NPs for spectroscopic applications.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of ITO nanocrystal films with varying ratios of doped and undoped NCs.
  • Characterization of collective resonance and plasmon coupling in the NC films.
  • Quantification of electromagnetic field enhancement using surface-attached ligands and absorbance spectroscopy.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated tunable LSPR in the mid-infrared using ITO NCs.
  • Observed plasmon coupling between ITO NCs, influencing collective resonance.
  • Quantified electromagnetic field enhancement on surface-attached ligands in ITO NC films and monolayers.

Conclusions:

  • ITO nanocrystals show promise for field-enhanced spectroscopies due to their tunable plasmonic properties.
  • The low free-electron density in ITO NCs affects E-field localization and plasmon coupling differently than metal NPs.
  • ITO NCs offer a viable alternative to metal NPs for mid-infrared plasmonic applications.