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Demystifying viral anterior uveitis: A review
Nicole Shu-Wen Chan1, Soon-Phaik Chee1,2,3,4
1Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore.
Clinical & Experimental Ophthalmology
|October 23, 2018
Summary
Viral anterior uveitis (AU) can be diagnosed by specific clinical signs and confirmed with PCR or Goldmann-Witmer coefficient assays. These tests help determine the cause and severity of viral eye infections.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Virology
- Immunology
Background:
- Anterior uveitis (AU) can be caused by viral infections, presenting with varied ocular signs.
- Common viral culprits include herpes simplex virus, varicella-zoster virus, cytomegalovirus, and rubella virus.
Purpose of the Study:
- To outline the clinical presentations of viral anterior uveitis.
- To highlight diagnostic challenges and preferred diagnostic methods for viral AU.
Main Methods:
- Clinical observation and differentiation of viral AU presentations.
- Discussion of diagnostic assays: quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Goldmann-Witmer coefficient assay.
Main Results:
- Specific clinical patterns are associated with different viruses: herpes simplex/varicella-zoster viruses, cytomegalovirus (CMV), and rubella virus.
- CMV-associated uveitis may present with unique keratic precipitates and endothelial changes, predominantly in Asian males.
- Rubella virus can cause Fuchs uveitis syndrome with specific cataract and iris findings.
Conclusions:
- Viral anterior uveitis diagnosis can be challenging due to overlapping manifestations.
- Quantitative PCR or Goldmann-Witmer coefficient assay on aqueous humor samples are crucial for accurate diagnosis and management of viral AU.
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