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Polymers02:34

Polymers

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The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
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Proteins can form homomeric complexes with another unit of the same protein or heteromeric complexes with different types.  Most protein complexes self-assemble spontaneously via ordered pathways, while some proteins need assembly factors that guide their proper assembly. Despite the crowded intracellular environment, proteins usually interact with their correct partners and form functional complexes.
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Polymer Classification: Architecture01:14

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Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
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Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
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Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity01:26

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Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
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Prediction of HIV-1 Coreceptor Usage Tropism by Sequence Analysis using a Genotypic Approach
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Polymer Self-Assembled BMSCs with Cancer Tropism and Programmed Homing.

Shuyi Zhang1, Yuqing Liu2,3, Soroosh Derakhshanfar2

  • 1Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.

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Summary

Researchers engineered bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) with a novel polymer for enhanced tumor targeting in gastric cancer. This targeted delivery system shows promise for cancer therapy without harming major organs.

Keywords:
amphiphilic hyperbranched polymerscytomembrane infusingliving stem cell deliverytumor tropism

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Cancer Therapy
  • Cellular Engineering

Background:

  • Targeted cancer therapy requires accurate diagnosis and treatment strategies.
  • Cellular surface engineering offers a method to enhance cell functions by attaching molecules to cell membranes.
  • Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) possess low immunogenicity and natural tumor tropism, making them ideal carriers for targeted delivery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a novel amphiphilic hyperbranched polymer (AHP) conjugated with oleic acid (OA) and folic acid (FA) for targeted cancer therapy.
  • To investigate the ability of AHP-OA-FA modified BMSCs to enhance tumor tropism in gastric cancer.
  • To assess the safety and efficacy of this polymer-modified BMSC system for targeted drug delivery.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of an amphiphilic hyperbranched polymer (AHP) conjugated with oleic acid (OA) and folic acid (FA).
  • Infusion of the AHP-OA-FA polymer into the cell membranes of BMSCs, leaving FA exposed for targeting.
  • Evaluation of BMSC characteristics (CD expression, proliferation, motility) using flow cytometry, MTT assay, and wound-healing assays.
  • Assessment of tumor tropism using in vitro transwell assays and ex vivo fluorescence imaging.
  • Histological analysis of major organs to evaluate potential toxicity.

Main Results:

  • The AHP-OA-FA polymer successfully infused with BMSC membranes, with FA exposed for targeting, enhancing tumor tropism.
  • Modified BMSCs (AHP-OA-FA-BMSCs) showed no adverse effects on BMSC CD expression, proliferation, or motility.
  • In vitro and ex vivo studies confirmed enhanced tumor tropism of AHP-OA-FA-BMSCs compared to unmodified BMSCs and control groups.
  • Histological analysis indicated no significant damage to major organs, suggesting a favorable safety profile.

Conclusions:

  • The novel amphiphilic polymer AHP-OA-FA effectively enhances the tumor tropism of BMSCs for targeted delivery.
  • Polymer-modified BMSCs represent a promising, safe, and effective vehicle for targeted cancer cell delivery.
  • This approach holds potential for improving the accuracy and efficacy of cancer diagnosis and treatment.