Green Mass Production of Pure Nanodrugs via an Ice-Template-Assisted Strategy

To make nanomedicine potentially applicable in a clinical setting, several methods have been developed to synthesize pure nanodrugs (PNDs) without using any additional inert carriers. In this work, we report a novel green, low-cost, and scalable ice-template-assisted approach which shows several unique characteristics. First, the whole process only requires adding a drug solution into an ice template and subsequent melting (or freeze-drying), allowing easy industrial mass production with low capital investment. Second, the production yield is much higher than that of the traditional reprecipitation approach. The yield of Curcumin (Cur) PNDs is over two orders (∼140 times) magnitude higher than that obtained in a typical reprecipitation preparation. By adjusting simple processing parameters, PNDs with different sizes (∼20-200 nm) can be controllably obtained. Finally, the present approach can be easily applicable for a wide range of hydrophobic therapeutic drugs without any structural modification.