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Clinical Characteristics of Infective Endocarditis in Children

Jelte Kelchtermans1, Lorenz Grossar1, Benedicte Eyskens1

  • 1From the Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Developmental Biology, KU Leuven, Belgium.

The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
|October 23, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric infective endocarditis (IE) shows a shift towards community-acquired cases, primarily caused by streptococci and staphylococci. Awareness and prevention are vital, especially for children with prosthetic grafts.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Cardiovascular Surgery

Background:

  • Infective endocarditis (IE) presents significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in children, often leading to high morbidity and mortality.
  • Congenital heart defects are a major predisposing factor in pediatric IE cases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the microbial profile and clinical manifestations of infective endocarditis (IE) in a pediatric population.
  • To identify trends in community-acquired versus hospital-acquired IE in children over time.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective study of pediatric IE cases treated between 2000 and 2017.
  • Review of clinical presentation, treatment, complications, outcomes, causative microorganisms, and congenital heart defects.

Main Results:

  • Fifty-three pediatric IE cases were analyzed; 36% required cardiac surgery, and 13% died.
  • Viridans group streptococci (32%), Staphylococcus aureus (25%), and coagulase-negative staphylococci (20%) were the most common causative organisms.
  • A significant increase in community-acquired IE was observed from 2000-2007 to 2008-2017, with coagulase-negative staphylococci prevalent in hospital-acquired cases.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric IE incidence remained stable, but a shift towards community-acquired infections occurred.
  • Streptococci and staphylococci remain the predominant pathogens in pediatric IE.
  • Emphasizes the critical need for IE awareness and prevention strategies, particularly in pediatric patients with prosthetic grafts.
Abstract

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