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Metallic Solids

Metallic Solids

Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....

Bonding in Metals

Bonding in Metals

Metallic bonds are formed between two metal atoms. A simplified model to describe metallic bonding has been developed by Paul Drüde called the “Electron Sea Model”.

Lattice Centering and Coordination Number

Lattice Centering and Coordination Number

The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
Types of Unit Cells
Imagine taking a large number of identical...

Alkali Metals

Alkali Metals

Group 1 elements are soft and shiny metallic solids. They are malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity. The melting points of the alkali metals are unusually low for metals and decrease going down the group, while the density increases going down the group with the exception of potassium (Table 1).
Table 1: Properties of the alkali metals

Metal-Ligand Bonds

Metal-Ligand Bonds

The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...

Atomic Mass

Atomic Mass

Atoms — and the protons, neutrons, and electrons that compose them — are extremely small. For example, a carbon atom weighs less than 2 × 10−23 g. When describing the properties of tiny objects such as atoms, we use appropriately small units of measure, such as the atomic mass unit (amu). The amu was originally defined based on hydrogen, the lightest element, then later in terms of oxygen. Since 1961, it has been defined with regard to the most abundant isotope of carbon, atoms of which...

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Related Experiment Video

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Author Spotlight: Exploring Self-Assembled MOF-Polymer Composites

Author Spotlight: Exploring Self-Assembled MOF-Polymer Composites

Published on: June 14, 2024

Intercalating Single-Atom Metal Centers into an Organic Monolayer with a Full-Sample Coverage.

Yi C Zhang¹, David Y Lee¹

¹Department of Chemistry and Materials Science & Engineering Program , Washington State University , Pullman , Washington 99164 , United States.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids

|October 23, 2018

Summary

Researchers developed a novel method to simultaneously introduce organic functional groups and isolated metal centers onto surfaces using thiolate self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) and metallic porphyrins. This accessible technique creates customizable surfaces without specialized vacuum equipment.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Surface Chemistry
Nanotechnology

Background:

Thiolate self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are standard for surface functionalization.
Existing methods often require specialized equipment or lack diverse functionalization.

Purpose of the Study:

To present a straightforward method for creating surfaces with simultaneously exposed organic groups and isolated metal centers.
To enable customizable surface engineering using common laboratory techniques.

Main Methods:

Utilizing thiolate self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on a substrate.
Incorporating metallic porphyrins into the SAM structure via mild-temperature incubation.
Monitoring the process and monolayer stability using nanoscale scanning tunneling microscopy (STM).

Main Results:

Porphyrin molecules successfully intercalate within thiolate SAM domains.
Simultaneous exposure of diverse organic groups and single metal atoms on the surface.
Demonstrated stability of the mixed monolayer under ambient conditions.

Conclusions:

The described process offers a versatile and accessible route to engineer functional surfaces.
This method avoids vacuum-based deposition and tip-assisted procedures, allowing application to various substrate shapes.
The technique is readily adoptable by research groups lacking advanced deposition technologies.