Comparative study in the control of bovine viral diarrhea

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is an important infectious agent affecting herd productivity and reproduction, and leading to massive economic losses. As such, BVD is the subject of a number of control and eradication schemes globally. The key elements of such schemes are: diagnosis and removal of persistently infected animals from herds; implementation of biosecurity practices aimed at preventing the introduction or re-introduction of BVDV in free herds; and ongoing surveillance to monitor the progress of the program and to detect new infections. The objective of this review is to examine the impact of BVD and the management of the disease in three countries: Scotland, Spain, and Argentina, where BVD control programs are in distinct phases: established, developing, and yet to be initiated. This work also sets out to highlight potential difficulties and formulate recommendations for successful BVD control. It concludes that a systematic, countrywide approach is needed to achieve a sustainable decrease in BVD prevalence. The role of vaccines in control programs is concluded to be a valuable additional biosecurity measure. This study also concludes that there are potential wider benefits to a systematic BVD control program, such as a reduction in antimicrobial use and increases in the competitiveness of the cattle industry.