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Related Concept Videos

Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction01:22

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Introduction:Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) describes a swift decrease in kidney function occurring over hours to days, characterized by the kidneys' failure to remove waste products from the bloodstream. This leads to dangerous complications like metabolic acidosis, fluid overload, and electrolyte imbalances, such as hyperkalemia, which can cause life-threatening arrhythmias. AKI is common in both hospital and outpatient settings, often triggered by dehydration, sepsis, or exposure to nephrotoxic...
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Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology01:29

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Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
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Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) requires a collaborative healthcare approach to restore renal function and prevent complications. Essential management strategies involve monitoring fluid and electrolyte balance, adjusting medications, initiating dialysis when necessary, and providing nutritional support.Fluid and Electrolyte ManagementFluid Monitoring: Regularly monitoring body weight, central venous pressure, and urine output helps detect fluid imbalances early. Patient intake and output are...
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Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations01:29

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Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) progresses through distinct clinical phases: the oliguric, diuretic, and recovery phases, each marked by unique manifestations and challenges.Oliguric Phase:The oliguric phase is the initial stage of AKI, typically lasting 10 to 14 days. This phase is marked by a significant reduction in urine output, usually less than 400 mL per day, indicating decreased kidney function. Fluid retention is a prominent feature, leading to symptoms such as edema, hypertension, and...
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Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
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Noncoding RNAs in acute kidney injury.

Timo Brandenburger1, Antonio Salgado Somoza2, Yvan Devaux2

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany.

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Summary

Noncoding RNAs, including microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and circular RNAs, are implicated in acute kidney injury (AKI) pathogenesis. Research explores their potential as early diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets to improve patient outcomes.

Keywords:
acute kidney injurybiomarkerscircular RNAsdiagnosislong noncoding RNAsmicroRNAsnoncoding RNAspreventiontherapeutics

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Nephrology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Acute kidney injury (AKI) affects approximately 50% of intensive care unit patients, often resulting from sepsis, ischemia, or nephrotoxicity, and carries a high mortality risk.
  • Current AKI diagnosis relies on creatinine, urea levels, and diuresis, lacking early detection capabilities.
  • Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are crucial regulatory molecules involved in gene expression and homeostasis, with dysregulation linked to disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of ncRNAs' roles in AKI pathogenesis.
  • To discuss the potential of ncRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for AKI.
  • To address challenges in translating ncRNA research into clinical applications for AKI.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review synthesizing current knowledge on ncRNAs in AKI.
  • Analysis of the involvement of microRNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs) in AKI.
  • Discussion of biomarker potential and therapeutic strategies involving ncRNAs.

Main Results:

  • ncRNAs, including miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs, are present in the kidney and body fluids and their expression is altered during AKI.
  • These ncRNAs play significant roles in the development and progression of AKI.
  • miRNAs have shown promise and entered clinical testing, while lncRNAs and circRNAs require further investigation.

Conclusions:

  • ncRNAs represent a promising area for improving AKI diagnosis and treatment.
  • Further preclinical and clinical research is necessary to validate lncRNAs and circRNAs as reliable biomarkers and therapeutic targets for AKI.
  • Successful translation could lead to reduced need for renal replacement therapy and decreased mortality.