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Related Concept Videos

Intracellular Signaling Cascades01:24

Intracellular Signaling Cascades

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Once a ligand binds to a receptor, the signal is transmitted through the membrane and into the cytoplasm. The continuation of a signal in this manner is called signal transduction. Signal transduction only occurs with cell-surface receptors, which cannot interact with most components of the cell, such as DNA. Only internal receptors can interact directly with DNA in the nucleus to initiate protein synthesis. When a ligand binds to its receptor, conformational changes occur that affect the...
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Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions01:17

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Integrins act both as extracellular input receivers and as intracellular processing activators. As their name suggests, integrins are entirely integrated into the membrane structure. Their hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions interact with the phospholipid bilayer's hydrophobic region. These membrane receptors provide extracellular attachment sites for effectors like hormones and growth factors. They activate intracellular response cascades when their effectors are bound and active.
Some...
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What is Cell Signaling?02:03

What is Cell Signaling?

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Despite the protective membrane that separates a cell from the environment, cells need the ability to detect and respond to environmental changes. Additionally, cells often need to communicate with one another. Unicellular and multicellular organisms use a variety of cell signaling mechanisms to communicate to respond to the environment.
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Social Traps01:41

Social Traps

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Social traps are negative situations where people get caught in a direction or relationship that later proves to be unpleasant, with no easy way to back out of or avoid. The concept was orignally introduced by John Platt who applied psychology to Garrett Hardin's "Tragedy of the Commons", where in New England herd owners could let their cattle graze in the common ground. This situation seems like a good idea, but an individual could have an advantage. If they owned...
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Yeast Signaling01:28

Yeast Signaling

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Yeasts are single-celled organisms, but unlike bacteria, they are eukaryotes (cells with a nucleus). Cell signaling in yeast is similar to signaling in other eukaryotic cells. A ligand, such as a protein or a small molecule released from a yeast cell, attaches to a receptor on the cell surface. The binding stimulates second-messenger kinases to activate or inactivate transcription factors that further regulate gene expression. Many of the yeast intracellular signaling cascades have similar...
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Cell-surface Signaling01:21

Cell-surface Signaling

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Hormones—or any molecule that binds to a receptor, known as a ligand—that are lipid-insoluble (water-soluble) are not able to diffuse across the cell membrane. In order to be able to affect a cell without entering it, these hormones bind to receptors on the cell membrane. When a first messenger, a hormone, binds to a receptor, a signal cascade is set off, causing second messengers, proteins inside the cell, to become activated, resulting in downstream effects.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Pneumatically Driven Microfluidic Platform for Micro-Particle Concentration
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A microfluidic platform with pneumatically switchable single-cell traps for selective intracellular signals probing.

Yao Wang1, Jinchi Zhu2, Peng Chen2

  • 1Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, Wuhan 430074, China.

Talanta
|October 24, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new microfluidic biosensor enables precise control over single-cell stimulation, revealing rapid calcium signaling responses to ATP. This technology advances intracellular signaling studies and drug screening.

Keywords:
Hydrodynamic gatingIntracellular calcium signalMicrofluidic biosensorPneumatic valveSingle-cell trapping

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Cell Biology
  • Microfluidics

Background:

  • Investigating rapid cell signaling requires precise control over single-cell manipulation and stimulation.
  • Existing methods lack the flexibility for dynamic chemical signal generation and real-time monitoring.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a microfluidic biosensor for studying rapid suspension cell signaling.
  • To enable flexible manipulation of single cells and controlled chemical stimulation.

Main Methods:

  • A microfluidic biosensor was engineered with pneumatic traps for selective single-cell trapping and release.
  • Intracellular calcium signals were monitored using hydrodynamic gating for precise chemical stimulation.
  • Cellular responses to varying adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentrations and durations were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • The system demonstrated effective single-cell trapping, release, and stimulation.
  • ATP pulses as short as 200 ms at 20 μM induced significant calcium (Ca2+) responses.
  • Cells recovered from receptor desensitization within 30 seconds of buffer washing, showing heterogeneous responses to ATP.

Conclusions:

  • The developed microfluidic platform provides a robust method for studying intracellular signaling dynamics.
  • This technology offers a novel approach for high-throughput drug screening and cellular response analysis.