The detection of mercury ion using DNA as sensors based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer

Mercury ion (Hg²⁺) is a heavy metal that can cause serious water pollution. With the accumulation of large quantities in lakes, rivers, freshwater and aquatic life, Hg²⁺ can pass through the food chain, entering the human body and endangering health. Hg²⁺ detection has therefore become important thereby attracting extensive interests. Currently, several DNA-based sensors have been used for Hg²⁺ detection because they are not easy to degrade and are very stable. This paper summarizes the application of some DNA-based sensors based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), analyzes their characteristic, and compares their sensitivity. Future perspectives and possible challenges in this area are also outlined.