Intraosseous metal implants in orthopedics: A review

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Orthopedic Surgery
• Materials Engineering

Background:

• Metal implants, primarily alloys, are extensively used in orthopedics for osteosynthesis and arthroplasty due to their mechanical strength, biocompatibility, and corrosion resistance.
• Implants like screws and plates stabilize fractures for bone healing, while prostheses restore joint function.
• The interface between metal implants and bone undergoes continuous remodeling, even with biocompatible materials.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the role and behavior of metal implants in orthopedic applications.
• To discuss the biological and mechanical interactions at the bone-implant interface.
• To highlight the potential adverse effects of in vivo metal degradation.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of orthopedic implant materials and their in vivo performance.
• Analysis of bone remodeling processes at the bone-implant interface.
• Examination of degradation mechanisms such as corrosion and fretting.

Main Results:

• Metal implants are crucial for fracture fixation and joint replacement, promoting stability and function.
• Bone-implant interfaces are dynamic, undergoing remodeling in response to the implant.
• In vivo mechanisms like corrosion and fretting can alter implant surfaces and generate wear debris.

Conclusions:

• Metal implants are indispensable in modern orthopedics, facilitating bone healing and joint restoration.
• Understanding and mitigating in vivo degradation processes are critical for long-term implant success.
• Accumulation of wear debris can lead to complications such as metallosis, necessitating further research into material longevity and biocompatibility.