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Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
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Trophic rewilding as a climate change mitigation strategy?

Joris P G M Cromsigt1,2,3, Mariska Te Beest3,4, Graham I H Kerley2

  • 1Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå 901 83, Sweden joris.cromsigt@slu.se.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
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PubMed
Summary

Restoring megafauna could help mitigate climate change by influencing greenhouse gases, fire, and vegetation. Further research is needed to fully understand trophic rewilding

Keywords:
Earth systemconservationecosystem functionlarge herbivores and carnivoresmegafaunamegaherbivores

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Climate Science
  • Paleontology

Background:

  • Pleistocene megafauna loss significantly impacted Earth systems, including greenhouse gas budgets, fire regimes, and vegetation.
  • Understanding these past impacts is crucial for evaluating current ecological restoration strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential of trophic rewilding, specifically the restoration of extant megafauna, as a climate change mitigation strategy.
  • To synthesize how megafauna interact with key climate change drivers like greenhouse gas emissions, aerosols, and albedo.

Main Methods:

  • Novel synthesis of existing research on megafauna-climate interactions.
  • Exploration of rewilding as a mitigation tool at regional and global scales.
  • Identification of knowledge gaps in characterizing rewilding's climate mitigation potential.

Main Results:

  • Megafauna influence Earth's climate through interactions with greenhouse gas storage/emission, aerosols, and albedo.
  • Trophic rewilding presents opportunities for climate change mitigation at both regional and global scales.

Conclusions:

  • Restoring megafauna (trophic rewilding) offers a potential, yet under-explored, strategy for mitigating anthropogenic climate change.
  • Urgent action is needed to study and implement rewilding before the last megafauna disappear.
  • Significant knowledge gaps remain in fully assessing rewilding's role in climate change mitigation.