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Distributed network interactions and their emergence in developing neocortex.
Gordon B Smith1,2, Bettina Hein3,4, David E Whitney1
1Department of Functional Architecture and Development of Cerebral Cortex, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL, USA.
Nature Neuroscience
|October 24, 2018
Summary
Early cortical circuits generate long-range correlated activity through local connections, guiding the development of functional networks. This spontaneous activity predicts mature visual cortex organization before extensive horizontal connections form.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Developmental Neuroscience
- Systems Neuroscience
Background:
- The organization and development of long-range network interactions in the neocortex are not well understood.
- Understanding how functional networks form is crucial for neuroscience research.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the origins and role of spontaneous activity patterns in neocortical development.
- To determine if local cortical circuits can generate long-range correlated activity.
- To understand how these correlations influence the formation of functional networks.
Main Methods:
- In vivo widefield and two-photon calcium imaging of spontaneous activity in ferret visual cortex.
- Longitudinal imaging during cortical development.
- Retinal and thalamic blockade to silence feedforward drive.
- Circuit modeling of local network interactions.
Main Results:
- Widespread modular correlation patterns in spontaneous activity predict the local structure of orientation columns.
- Long-range correlations are present early in development, preceding horizontal connections, and predict mature network structure.
- Early long-range correlated activity persists even when feedforward input is blocked, suggesting a cortical origin.
- Circuit models with local connections can generate long-range correlations via multisynaptic interactions within a low-dimensional subspace.
Conclusions:
- Local connections in early cortical circuits are sufficient to generate structured long-range network correlations.
- These spontaneous correlations play a role in guiding the formation of visually evoked functional networks.
- The findings provide insights into the developmental principles of neocortical network organization.
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