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Extensional flow behaviour and spinnability of native silk.

Andreas Koeppel1, Peter R Laity, Chris Holland

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK. christopher.holland@sheffield.ac.uk.

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Native silk proteins form fibers differently than synthetic polymers due to unique interchain interactions. Stable fiber formation requires low extension rates and is limited by dehydration, not solely extensional fields.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Polymer Physics
  • Textile Engineering

Background:

  • Silk fiber assembly is primarily driven by fluid dynamics within the spinning gland.
  • While shear rheology and gland environment effects are known, extensional flow impacts on native silk proteins remain poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the poorly understood effects of extensional flow fields on native silk proteins.
  • To assess the suitability of filament stretching for evaluating silk's extensional flow properties and fiber formation capabilities under natural spinning conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a conventional tensile tester for filament stretching experiments to analyze silk's extensional flow properties.
  • Measured the Trouton ratio of native Bombyx mori silk and compared it to synthetic linear polymers.

Main Results:

  • Native silk exhibits distinct extensional flow behavior compared to synthetic polymers, indicated by a higher Trouton ratio attributed to increased interchain interactions.
  • Stable silk fiber formation was only achieved at low extension rates, primarily due to dehydration effects.

Conclusions:

  • Extensional flow fields alone are insufficient to induce natural silk fiber formation.
  • Dehydration, occurring at low extension rates, is a critical factor in native silk fiber spinning, highlighting the complexity beyond simple extensional forces.