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The noncervical lateral transverse foramina.

Linda A Mizer1, Christina Wahl1

  • 1Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York.

Journal of Morphology
|October 24, 2018
PubMed
Summary

The lateral vertebral foramen (LVF) is an osseous feature in artiodactyls and perissodactyls. This study identified five LVF types and their distribution across 60 species, revealing variations and specific occurrences within mammalian vertebral columns.

Keywords:
CetartiodactylaPerissodactyladiversityforamenvertebra

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Area of Science:

  • Comparative anatomy
  • Vertebrate paleontology
  • Mammalogy

Background:

  • The lateral vertebral foramen (LVF) is an osseous feature observed in the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae of certain artiodactyls and perissodactyls.
  • Understanding the distribution and variations of the LVF is crucial for evolutionary and anatomical studies in mammals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the anatomical diversity and interspecific distribution of the lateral vertebral foramen (LVF).
  • To develop a standardized nomenclature for describing different forms of the LVF.
  • To determine the taxonomic specificity of the LVF within mammals.

Main Methods:

  • Examination of museum specimens from the Smithsonian mammal collection and teaching specimens from Cornell University.
  • Identification and classification of five distinct anatomical types of LVF.
  • Analysis of LVF occurrence across 60 species of artiodactyls and perissodactyls, with Carnivora as an outgroup.

Main Results:

  • Five distinct anatomical types of LVF were identified.
  • The LVF was observed in varying patterns across the thoracic and lumbar regions in species like Gazella spekei, Moschus berezovski, and Bos.
  • LVF was absent in Giraffidae, Cetacea, and all examined Carnivora species.

Conclusions:

  • The lateral vertebral foramen (LVF) exhibits significant anatomical variation and diverse distribution patterns within artiodactyl and perissodactyl species.
  • A new nomenclature was established to describe the five identified LVF forms.
  • The absence of LVF in Carnivora suggests it is a characteristic specific to artiodactyls and perissodactyls.