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Related Concept Videos

Mass Spectrometry: Overview01:19

Mass Spectrometry: Overview

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Mass spectrometry is an analytical technique used to determine the molecular mass and molecular formula of a compound. The basic principle of mass spectrometry is to generate ions from the analyte molecule and measure these ion abundances against their molecular mass. One common type of ionization, known as electron ionization or EI, bombards the analyte molecules in the gas phase with high-energy electron beams. The electron beams displace an electron from the molecule and leave behind a...
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Tandem Mass Spectrometry01:21

Tandem Mass Spectrometry

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Tandem mass spectrometry is a technique that uses multiple mass analyzers in series to obtain a higher selectivity and reduce chemical noise during analyte detection. Instruments with multiple analyzers separated by an interaction cell enable secondary fragmentation and selected study of the fragment ions.Secondary fragmentations occur in the interaction cell and can be induced by various factors. Fragmentation induced by collision with inert gases, such as N2, Ar, He, etc., is called...
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Mass Spectrometry: Isotope Effect01:13

Mass Spectrometry: Isotope Effect

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Most elements exist in nature as a mixture of isotopes. The isotopes differ in weight due to their respective number of neutrons. The molecular weight of a molecule is different depending on the specific isotope of its elements involved. As a result, the mass spectrum of the molecule exhibits peaks from the same fragment at multiple positions. The positions of these mass signals depend on the mass differences between isotopes. Furthermore, the intensity of these signals is dependent on the...
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Mass Spectrometry of Amines01:15

Mass Spectrometry of Amines

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In mass spectroscopy, amines undergo fragmentation to give parent ions with odd molecule weights. This observed mass spectrum follows the nitrogen rule; a molecule with an odd number of nitrogen atoms produces a molecular ion with an odd molecular weight. Amines undergo fragmentation through α cleavage, producing nitrogen-containing cations—iminium ions—and alkyl radicals. Mass spectra of aromatic and cyclic aliphatic amines exhibit strong molecular ion peaks, but acyclic...
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Harmonic Mean01:09

Harmonic Mean

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The arithmetic mean is usually skewed towards the larger values in the data set. Therefore, to avoid this inherent bias towards smaller values, the harmonic mean is used.
Take the example of the speed of a car, which is the measure of the rate of distance traveled. If the vehicle traverses the same distance back-and-forth, its average speed equals the total distance traveled divided by the total time taken. However, if the car moves with varying speeds, then the arithmetic mean is more skewed...
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Chemical Ionization (CI) Mass Spectrometry01:21

Chemical Ionization (CI) Mass Spectrometry

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The molecular ion peak of a molecule in the mass spectrum provides vital information for molecular identification. However, conventional electron impact ionization can lead to the rapid dissociation of some molecular ions before they reach the detector. A milder ionization method is required to increase the lifetime of such ionized analyte molecules. Chemical ionization (CI) is a gas-phase protonation reaction useful for mass-analyzing analyte molecules that are easily protonated to yield the...
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Navigating the Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomic Data Using Free Computational Tools
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Calibration Using a Single-Point External Reference Material Harmonizes Quantitative Mass Spectrometry Proteomics

Lindsay K Pino, Brian C Searle, Eric L Huang

    Analytical Chemistry
    |October 24, 2018
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Mass spectrometry (MS) measurements require calibration for accurate quantification. A new single-point external calibration method harmonizes data across different instruments and labs, overcoming limitations of internal calibration.

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    Area of Science:

    • Analytical Chemistry
    • Biomolecular Measurement
    • Mass Spectrometry

    Background:

    • Mass spectrometry (MS) signal intensities lack inherent calibration, necessitating methods for accurate quantification.
    • Internal calibration (IC) using internal standards (IS) is common but can introduce quantitative biases due to workflow variations.
    • Existing IC methods struggle to capture all sources of variation in complex MS workflows.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a robust calibration strategy for mass spectrometry measurements.
    • To address limitations of internal calibration methods in MS quantification.
    • To enable harmonized signal intensities across diverse MS instruments, methods, and research sites.

    Main Methods:

    • Implementation of a single-point external calibration strategy.
    • Utilizing a common reference material for signal intensity calibration.
    • Comparison of endogenous analyte signals to the external reference standard.

    Main Results:

    • Demonstrated successful data harmonization between different laboratories.
    • Showcased harmonization across various MS methodologies and instruments.
    • Validated a generalizable approach for calibrating MS measurements.

    Conclusions:

    • Single-point external calibration offers a reliable method for harmonizing MS data.
    • This approach improves the comparability of MS measurements across studies and sites.
    • The proposed strategy enhances the precision and meaning of MS signal intensities.